9- The Chemical Senses

Question 1

What chemical senses apart from taste and smell can our bodies detect?

Question 2

Is taste innate or learned?

Question 3

How many basic tastes are there and what are they?

Question 4

How do we perceive flavor?

Question 5

What are the primary organs of taste?

Question 6

Describe the structure of the tongue

Question 7

Where are taste buds found and what do they contain?

Question 8

What do taste receptor cells express?

Question 9

What is the function of taste receptor cells?

Question 10

What mechanism of transduction is used by salty and sour tastes?

Question 11

Explain the taste transduction mechanism of saltiness

Question 12

What are the special Na+ selective channels called and what is its function?

Question 13

Explain the taste transduction mechanism of sourness

Question 14

What mechanism of transduction is used by bitter, sweet and umami tastes?

Question 15

What are T1R and T2R ‘s?

Question 16

Explain the taste transduction mechanism for bitter tastes

Question 17

Explain the taste transduction mechanism for sweetness

Question 18

Explain the taste transduction mechanism of umami

Question 19

Why do we not confuse bitter, sweet and umami tastes if they use the same transduction mechanisms?

Question 20

What is the flow of taste information to the CNS?

Question 21

Is smell innate or learned?

Question 22

How is smell a mode of communication?

Question 23

What are pheromones’?

Question 24

What do we smell with?

Question 24

What do we smell with?

Question 25

How many cell types are present in the olfactory epithelium and what are they and what are their functions?

Question 26

Describe the olfactory transduction mechanism

Question 27

What is the flow if smell information to the CNS?

Question 28

Describe the concept of population coding

Question 29

Why is population coding important in gustation and olfaction?

Question 30

Describe the concept of population coding using an olfactory example