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Physiology- The Nervous System > 19- Depression > Flashcards

19- Depression Flashcards

1
Q

What is an affective disorder?

A
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2
Q

What are the characteristics of affective disorders?

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3
Q

What are the two types of depression?

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4
Q

What is unipolar depression?

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5
Q

What is bipolar depression?

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6
Q

How can bipolar depression be classified?

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7
Q

How is depression diagnosed?

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8
Q

How can the symptoms of depression be divided?

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9
Q

What are the emotional symptoms of depression?

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10
Q

What are the biological symptoms of depression?

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11
Q

What conditions can depression be co-morbid with?

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12
Q

What are the existing theories that describe the biological basis of depression?

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13
Q

Describe and explain the monoamine theory for depression

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14
Q

How do antidepressants increase the levels of monoamines to treat depression?

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15
Q

What is Reserpine?

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16
Q

What is the evidence against the monoamine theory?

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17
Q

What is the neuroendocrine theory?

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18
Q

What happens due to an increase in cortisol?

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19
Q

What is the HPA axis controlled by?

A

Amygdala
Hippocampus

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20
Q

Outline the negative feedback mechanisms of the HPA axis

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21
Q

How does activation of the hippocampus affect the HPA axis?

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22
Q

What does activation of the amygdala induce?

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23
Q

What are the causes for HPA axis dysfunction?

A

Hyperactivity of the amygdala
Hypoactivity of the hippocampus
- less suppression of the HPA axis
- rise in cortisol levels

24
Q

How can child neglect affect gene expression and cause depression?

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25
Q

What does tactile stimulation just after birth lead to?

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26
Q

How does SSRIs increase glucocorticoid receptors in the hippocampus?

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27
Q

What is the neuroplasticity and neurogenesis theory of depression?

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28
Q

How does an increase in glutamate levels lead to depression?

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29
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of depression

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30
Q

What are the treatments available for therapy?

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31
Q

What psychological treatments are available for the treatments of depression?

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32
Q

What pharmacological treatments are available for the treatments of depression?

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33
Q

What class of drugs are used as the first line of treatment for depression and why are they recommended?

A
34
Q

What is the long term neurochemical effects of anti depressant usage?

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35
Q

What are MOAIs?

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36
Q

How do MAOIs work?

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37
Q

What is the effect of MAOIs?

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38
Q

How is MAOIs associated with food drug interactions?

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39
Q

What are the effects of NA accumulation?

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40
Q

How does reversible MAOI block the affect of an accumulation of NA due to food and drug interactions?

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41
Q

What are the therapeutic effects of tricyclic antidepressants?

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42
Q

What does the chronic treatment of tricyclic antidepressants lead to?

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43
Q

Can TCAs cause the cheese reaction and if not why?

A
44
Q

What are SSRIs?

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44
Q

What are the main therapeutic effects of SSRIs?

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45
Q

What does an increase use of SSRIs lead to?

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46
Q

Why are SSRIs safer and better tolerated?

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47
Q

What side effects can SSRIs induce and how?

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48
Q

What is serotonin syndrome. how is it caused and what does it lead to?

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49
Q

Why does SSRIs take up to 2-3 weeks to impose their anti depressant affects?

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50
Q

What are some future developments of anti depresent drugs?

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51
Q

What are some problems that arise from anti depressants?

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52
Q

What disorder is lithium used to treat?

A
53
Q

What is lithium’s mode of cation in treating bipolar disorders?

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54
Q

What side effects can lithium cause?

A
55
Q

What other treatments can be used to treat bipolar disorders?

A

Physiology- The Nervous System (21 decks)

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