9: Society Flashcards by Hannah Chua

“Man, by nature is a political animal.”

Aristotle

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Why are human beings naturally directed into forming groups?

Due to their basic needs for subsistence

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the sanctuary to receive and achieve human beings to actualize his/her potentials

Society

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allows human to flourish and live a good life by giving them a venue to practice goodness and satisfy their needs beyond physical

Society

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pre-existed social conditions humans are born into

Facticity

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inevitably shapes and influences the definition of who we are and how we relate to others

Facticity

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4 Different Types of Pre-Industrial Societies

Hunting and Gathering
Pastoral
Horticultural
Agrarian

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societies existed before the 18th century

Pre-Industrial Society

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had limited forms of production with limited division of labor and social stratisfaction

Pre-Industrial Society

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society surviving by hunting and gathering

Hunting and Gathering Societies

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society with egalitarian social structure

Hunting and Gathering

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decisions are made by consensus

Egalitarian

Hunting and Gathering

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started pasturing animals they have domesticated

Pastoral Societies

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Allowed other members to turn into other matters resulting to inequality in the society

Pastoral

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discovered that there are plants which they can also cultivate and nurture

Horticultural Societies

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led to the production of other goods made available for trading

Horticultural

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Invention of new materials and methods for cultivating

Agrarian Societies

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use of animals for different purposes

Agrarian Societies

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use of wind power for sailboats, invention of writing and numerical notation, and invention of calendar

Agrarian

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accumulation of information, continuing innovation, and technological development

Industrial Society

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3 Factors that lad to the Transition to Industrial Society

Advancement in water transportation
Advancement in agricultural techniques and practices
Establishment of printing press

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allowed people to discover places and things and conduct trade

Advancement in water transportation

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led to a more profit-oriented agricultural practice

Advancement in agricultural techniques and practices

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faster and wider spread of information

Establishment of printing press

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developed technologies that harnessed any form of energy

Industrial society

became the central working place of people with the surplus of labor force due to the influx of people to urban

Factories

"society as knowledge and service-oriented"

Daniel Bell | Post-Industrialization Societies

Who popularized the term "Post-Industrialization Societies"

Daniel Bell

start of the production of more tangible goods when the service sector started to yield more wealth and profit

Post-Industrial Society

The culture that 20th century created from the post-industrialization

Consumerism

3 Stages of Consumer culture

1. Birth of Print Media 2. Industrial Revolution 3. Establishment of advertising

issues arouse from the establishment of consumer society

Oppression and Alienation

founder of Ford Motor Company

Henry Ford

one of the pioneers in providing workers with better conditions

Henry Ford

Increased the wages and reduced the working hours

Fordism

the formalization of the consumer culture

Fordism

through advertisements, manufacturers put their capital on creating a culture that will induce people to consume their product

Consumer Society

functions as a signifier of status, culture, identity and lifestyle

Sign Value

functions as subconscious indicators of culture, identity, lifestyle, and status according to the dictates of the manufacturers and no longer simply the literal worth of the commodity based on the utility

Use value

society reduced to sign or image relations

Society of Spectacle

philosopher who argued about the society of spectacle

Guy Debord

images and signs flood our visions and thoughts and we therefore submit to the dictates of the advertisers

Critical thinking is suppressed

people are made to believe that success and happiness is achieved by consuming products

Materialistic Lifestyle

we judge and treat other people according to what the have

Discrimination

human relations are now geared towards consumption

Social relationships and activities are reduced to economic activities

excessive production and consumption transformed our societies

Throw-away society

characteristics of the things we have today

Disposability

the cycle created based on a throw-away mindset of the consumer society

"Acquire-and-throw-acquire-and-throw-cycle"

says that people live together in society in accordance with an agreement that establishes moral and political rules of behavior

Social Contract Theory

believed that life in the state of nature is "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short"

Thomas Hobbes

Thomas Hobbes' most famous work

Leviathan

wrote two treatises on government

John Locke

refutes the argument of Patriarcha, that political authority was derived from religious authority

First Treatise of John Locke | Refuted the Divine Right of Kings

containing John Locke's own constructive view of the aims and justification for civil government

Second treatise of John Locke

His philosophies lead to the separation of state and church

John locke

believed that people enter society to protect their life, liberty, and property

John Locke

the 3 powers of civil society according to the recognition of Locke

Legislative Executive Federative

"man was born free, and he is everywhere in chains"

Jean-Jacques Roussaeu

believed that humans are born "Nobel Savage" or inherently good but are corrupted by civilization

Jean-Jacques Roussaeu

advocates the strictest form of direct democracy

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

The state of nature is positive

Roussaue

The state of nature is negative

Hobbes

has drastically changed the ways human beings interact with other people

Internet

internet-created new society based on the accessibility of the internet

Virtual Society

members of the virtual society

Netizens | Cyber citizens

allows discussions about any topic among cyber citizens

Chat rooms and messages

help people stay in contact wit their family and friends despite of distance

Social networking

"half a billion people spend about 20 hours a week wearing avatars"

Jeremy Bailenson

tries to transcend the limitations imposed to the human as an embodies subject

Virtual Society

the dissatisfaction and frustration of human person with bodily limitations drive the person to prefer disembodied human relations

The Disembodied Subject

"all distance in time and space are shrinking"

Heidegger

"nearness does not consist in shortness of distance"

Heidegger

means "that which belongs to techne" - related to knowledge as a mode of revelation

Technikon

reduces everything into measurable and calculable forces

Enframing