6: Human in his Environment

Question 1

Discipline in philosophy that studies the moral relationship of human beings to, the environment and its non-human contents.

Answer 1

Environmental Ethics

Question 2

Value of having an inherent worth by oneself and being valuable for its own sake

Answer 2

Intrinsic Value

Question 3

Value considered as a means to achieve a certain end or a particular purpose.

Answer 3

Instrumental Value

Question 4

Traditional views considering human beings as the center of moral consideration—from Judeo-Christian Tradition

Answer 4

Anthropocentrism

Question 5

Man is the ruler of all living organisms.

Answer 5

Anthropocentrism

Question 6

Two philosophers who viewed MAN as superior because of his/her unique capacity as a rational being.

Answer 6

Plato and Aristotle

Question 7

Claimed that man is the measure of all things

Answer 7

Protagoras

Question 8

“Animal liberation”

“Sentientism”

Answer 8

Panthocentrism

Question 9

The realm of being morally considerable must extended to higher forms of animals or intelligent animals, who are sentient and have the capacity to feel pain.

Answer 9

Panthocentrism

Question 10

Equal consideration for man and animal

Answer 10

Panthocentrism

Question 11

Consideration for all living organisms: plants, animals, and humans

Answer 11

Biocentrism

Question 12

Preservation of biodiversity with its plants and animals.

Answer 12

Biocentrism

Question 13

Consideration for all holistic entities or communities

Answer 13

Ecocentrism

Question 14

“a thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability and beauty of the biotic
community. It is wrong when it tends to do otherwise”.

Answer 14

Leopold (Ecocentrism)

Question 15

An invitation to moral development

Answer 15

Environmental Ethics

Question 16

Against traditional and conventional views of the environment, assuming that all living things possess equal value and intrinsic worth regardless of their usefulness

Answer 16

Deep Ecology

Question 17

Against the domination of existing hierarchal structures in the society that preempt the full development of an individual

Answer 17

Social Ecology

Question 18

Reaction against male domination and the corresponding women oppression.

Answer 18

Ecofeminsim

Question 19

Against to the existing patriarchal relations as well as capitalist system supporting exploitative economic structures to the detriment of women and nature.

Answer 19

Ecofeminism

Question 20

Some features of the Ecofeminist View

Answer 20

1. Historical, typical causal connection
2. Conceptual connections
3. Symbolic connections

Question 21

Only human beings are moral due to his special ability towards self-consciousness and deliberation.

Answer 21

Protagoras

Question 22

A form of anthropocentrism that acknowledges that human power over other creatures requires that we have due and wise regard for animals and environment

Answer 22

Prudential Anthropocentrism

Question 23

(Person) Prudential Anthropocentrism

Answer 23

Barbara Mackinnon

Question 24

Recognizes duties towards the environment instead of dominion over nature

Answer 24

Prudential Anthropocentrism

Question 25

(Person) Animal Liberation or Panthocentrism

Answer 25

Peter Singer

Question 26

"All living things should be considered as teleological centers of life. " - All organisms have their own "telos" or goals/purpose in life

Answer 26

Paul Taylor (Biocentrism)

Question 27

"Being sentient is just a means of attaining a living organism's goal of being alive."

Answer 27

Kenneth Goodpaster (Biocentrism)

Question 28

"A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community. It is wrong when it tends to do otherwise."

Answer 28

Leopold (Ecocentrism)

Question 29

"The land ethic morality is the next stage of man's ethical evolutionary development."

Answer 29

Callicott (Ecocentrism)

Question 30

"Environmental ethics is an invitation to moral development."

Answer 30

Rolston (Ecocentrism)

Question 31

He said that the human being should look at the self as an extension of nature (the human ego identified with nature).

Answer 31

Arne Naess

Question 32

Said that the respect and care for self is tantamount to the respect and care for nature

Answer 32

Arne Naess

Question 33

Tagged the deep ecologists as elitists and cultural imperialists for their attempt to preserve wilderness for the benefit of the rich and well-off society

Answer 33

Ramachandra Guha (India)

Question 34

"The notion of the domination of nature by men, stems from the domination of human by human."

Answer 34

Murray Bookchin (Social Ecology)

Question 35

Believes that ecological problems are rooted from social problems

Answer 35

Social Ecology

Question 36

Something that can be used to take car eof a need

Answer 36

Resource

Question 37

Environmental resource owned by many or no one

Answer 37

Common Resource

Question 38

Serves as a social and political agenda for the benefit of both women and nature

Answer 38

Ecofeminism

Question 39

One of the major environmental challenges of the world today

Answer 39

Climate Change

Question 40

A threat to the world's basic need

Answer 40

Climate Change

Question 41

Extinction of other species

Answer 41

(Preservation of) Endangered species

Question 42

The rise of global population and economic growth triggers growing demands for portable food and water

Answer 42

Water Scarcity

Question 43

Developments that meet the needs of the present without compromising the needs of the future generation

Answer 43

Sustainable Development

Question 44

He emphasized a more primal and our moral obligation to protect the environment from any threats

Answer 44

Peter Wenz

Question 45

The leading proponent of global environment initiatives to bring environmental sustainability on a global level

Answer 45

United Nations (Global Initiatives)

Question 46

(3) Formulated environmental protocols and programs

Answer 46

- Kyoto Protocol (2005) - Montreal Protocol (1987) - Basel Convention (1989)

Question 47

When was the Kyoto Protocol commenced?

Answer 47

2005

Question 48

When did the Basel Convention happen?

Answer 48

1989

Question 49

Year the Montreal Protocol was institued

Answer 49

1987

Question 50

An agreement to reduce carbon dioxide emission

Answer 50

Kyoto Protocol (2005)

Question 51

Agreement done with aims to protect and reduce ozone layer depletion by phasing out products with CFCs, HCFCs, and HFCs

Answer 51

Montreal Protocol (1987)

Question 52

Treaty aimed to control transboundary movements and disposal of wastes to protect developing countries from becoming dump sites of toxic wastes

Answer 52

Basel Convention (1989)

Question 53

Proponent of the Global Marshall Plan (1990)

Answer 53

Albert Gore

Question 54

Envisions the attainment of sustainable development by making wealthy nations help third world nations by bringing and sharing their advanced green technologies

Answer 54

Global Marshall Plan (1990)

Question 55

When was the Global Marshall Plan proposed?

Answer 55

1990