4: Logic and Reasoning

Question 1

Study of truths based completely on the meanings the terms they contain.
Process for making a conclusion.
Allows to distinguish good reasoning from bad.

Answer 1

Logic

Question 2

Foundation of logical arguments

Answer 2

Proposition (of statements)

Question 3

Propositions used to build argument

Answer 3

Premises

Question 4

Built on premises

Answer 4

Argument

Question 5

Drawn from all the premises of an argument

Answer 5

Conclusion

Question 6

4 Types of Logic

Answer 6

Informal
Formal
Symbolic
Mathematical

Question 7

Logic typically used in daily reasoning and in arguments made in personal exchanges with other people.

Answer 7

Informal Logic

Question 8

Logic requiring deductive reasoning and truthful premises base on sufficient facts and evidences.

Answer 8

Formal Logic

Question 9

Assigns symbols to verbal reasonings in order to check the veracity of statements through mathematical processes.
How symbols relate to each other.
Commonly seen in CALCULUS.

Answer 9

Symbolic Logic

Question 10

Application of formal logic to mathematics.
Representation of premises (numbers) through variables or letters.
Often interchangeable to symbolic logic

Answer 10

Mathematical Logic

Question 11

Type of reasoning that provides complete evidence of the truth of an argument’s conclusion.
Specific and accurate
Verifiable and correct

Coherent premises and conclusion.

Answer 11

Deductive Reasoning

Question 12

Generating broad generalizations from specific information, allowing for an inaccurate conclusion.
Needs further evidences.
Usually involves an established rule base on repeated experiences.
“bottom up”

Answer 12

Inductive Reasoning