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GCSE Chemistry > 9) Separate Chemistry 2 > Flashcards

9) Separate Chemistry 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What colour does lithium burn?

A

Crimson

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2
Q

What colour does copper burn?

A

Blue-green

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3
Q

What colour does calcium burn?

A

Orange-red

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4
Q

What colour does potassium burn?

A

Lilac

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5
Q

What colour does sodium burn?

A

Yellow

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6
Q

What is the process of the flame test practical?

A

1) Submerge nichrome wire loop in dilute hydrochloric acid to clean
2) Place nichrome wire loop onto sample to be tested
3) Hold nichrome wire loop in Bunsen burner’s blue flame
4) Observe any change in colour to flame

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7
Q

What do flame tests identify?

A

Metal ions in an ionic compound

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8
Q

What reactants produce precipitates?

A

The reaction of metal ions and sodium hydroxide

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9
Q

How can metal ions precipitate out of solution?

A

React with sodium hydroxide

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10
Q

What is the formula for sodium hydroxide?

A

NaOH

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11
Q

Can precipitates be dissolved in water?

A

No, they are insoluble solids

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12
Q

What precipitate does magnesium form?

A

White magnesium hydroxide

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13
Q

What is the formula for producing the white precipitate magnesium hydroxide?

A

Mg2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) –> Mg(OH)2(s)

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14
Q

What state are precipitates?

A

Solid

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15
Q

What precipitate does aluminium form?

A

White aluminium hydroxide

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16
Q

What is the formula for producing the white precipitate aluminium hydroxide?

A

Al3+(aq) + 3OH-(aq) –> Al(OH)3(s)

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17
Q

How can aluminium hydroxide be distinguished from other hydroxides?

A

Is dissolved in excess sodium hydroxide producing a colourless solution

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18
Q

What precipitate does calcium form?

A

White calcium hydroxide

19
Q

What is the formula for producing the white precipitate calcium hydroxide?

A

Ca2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) –> Ca(OH)2(s)

20
Q

How can magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide be distinguished?

A

Flame test

21
Q

What precipitate does copper form?

A

Blue copper(II) hydroxide

22
Q

What is the formula for producing blue copper(II) hydroxide?

A

Cu2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) –> Cu(OH)2(s)

23
Q

What precipitates do iron form?

A 
Green iron(II) hydroxide
Brown iron(III) hydroxide
24
Q

What precipitate does ammonia form?

A

Water and ammonia

Ammonia gas evolves out of solutions

25
Q

What is the formula for producing water and ammonia?

A

NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq) –> NH3(g) + H2O(l)

26
Q

What is the chemical test for ammonia?

A

Placing damp litmus paper at mouth of test tube

Blue litmus paper if ammonia present

27
Q

What colour does damp litmus paper turn if ammonia is present?

A

Blue

28
Q

What ion characteristic do all carbonates have?

A

CO32- ions

29
Q

What does the reaction of a carbonate and dilute acid give?

A

Salt
Carbon dioxide
Water

30
Q

What is the test for carbonates?

A

(carbon dioxide test)
Bubble hydrochloric acid and carbonate gas through limewater
If solution turns cloudy carbon dioxide is present

31
Q

What is the test for sulfates?

A

1) Add dilute hydrochloric acid to solution to remove carbonate ions which could disrupt results
2) Add barium chloride and a white precipitate barium sulfate will form

32
Q

What ions do sulfates contain?

A

SO4 2-

33
Q

What type of ions are halide?

A

Anions

Negatively charged

34
Q

What is the test for halides?

A

1) Add dilute nitric acid to remove carbonates

2) Add silver nitrate, halides will form a precipitate with the silver ions

35
Q

What colours can the precipitate silver halide be?

A

White (silver chloride)
Cream (silver bromide)
Pale yellow (silver iodide)

36
Q

What is the order of testing for cations?

A

1) Flame test
2) Coloured precipitate with sodium hydroxide
3) Test evolving gas for ammonium

37
Q

What is the order of tests for anions?

A

Carbonates- test for carbon dioxide gas
Sulfates- presence of white barium sulfate
Halides- colour of silver halide corresponds to halide anion in a positive result

38
Q

What are the 3 anion types?

A

Carbonates
Sulfates
Halide ions

39
Q

Why does the test for an anion have to be carried out in a logical order?

A

If any HCl or BaCl2 is added to the test for a carbonate or sulfate, there will be chloride ions in the solution
These will be tested and there will be a false positive result for chloride ions

40
Q

What are advantages of instrumental methods? (3)

A

Greater sensitivity and accuracy
Quicker at producing results
Able to analyse tiny samples

41
Q

What are disadvantages of instrumental methods? (3)

A

Instruments are often expensive
Special training needed for use
Results are often only useful when compared to data from known substances

42
Q

What is the use of flame emission spectroscopy?

A

Working out the identity and concentration of the metal ions present in a solution

43
Q

What is the process of flame emission spectroscopy? (2)

A

1) Place sample of metal solution into a flame, light will be given off
2) Light given off is captured by a spectroscope which generates a line spectrum by distinguishing between light with different wavelengths

44
Q

How is the concentration of an ion shown on a line spectra?

A

The intensity of line spectra

GCSE Chemistry (10 decks)

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