6) The Periodic Table Flashcards
Where are the alkali metals found?
Group 1
How many electrons are in an alkali metal’s outer shell?
1
What are examples of alkali metals?
Lithium
Sodium
Potassium
What is the least reactive alkali metal?
Lithium
What happens when lithium reacts with oxygen?
Burns with a crimson flame
What happens when lithium reacts with water?
Floats on surface
Fizzes
Releases bubbles of hydrogen gas (effervesces)
What happens when sodium reacts with oxygen?
Burns with a yellow/orange flame
What happens when sodium reacts with water?
Floats on surface
Sodium melts into ball and moves quickly across the surface
Why is sodium more reactive than lithium?
It’s outer shell electron is less strongly attracted to the nucleus
What happens when potassium reacts with oxygen?
Burns with a lilac flame
What happens when potassium reacts with water?
Metal floats on surface and has similar more vigorous reaction compared to sodium
How does reactivity change in the alkali metals?
More reactive going down the group
What happens when alkali metals react with oxygen?
Rapidly turns from silvery to dull as a metal oxide
What happens when alkali metals react with water?
Metal floats on surface and melts to create metal hydroxide
What happens when alkali metals react with chlorine?
Metal chloride is formed which dissolves in water to give a colourless solution
What group are the halogens in?
Group 7
How many electrons do halogens have in their outer shell?
7
What do halogens make in their elemental form?
Diatomic molecules
What are diatomic molecules?
Molecules made of pairs of atoms
What is formed when a metal atom transfers its outer electron to a non-metal atom?
Salts
How does reactivity change down the halogen group?
Halogens become less reactive
Why do halogens get less reactive moving down the group?
The attraction between the nucleus and electron gained decreases
What is the state and colour of bromine at room temperature?
Red-brown
Liquid
What is the state and colour of iodine at room temperature?
Dark grey
Solid
What is the state and colour of chlorine at room temperature?
Pale green
Gas
What is the test for chlorine?
Insert damp litmus paper into test tube containing gas
Chlorine bleaches litmus paper from red to white
What group are the noble gases?
Group 0 (8)
Why are the noble gases unreactive?
They have a full outer shell of electrons
Why are noble gases used in light bulbs?
They will not react with the hot metal filament
What do noble gases exist as?
Single atoms (monotomic) instead of forming molecules
Do noble gases have high or low boiling points?
Low
Why do noble gas boiling points increase as you move down the periodic table?
The relative atomic mass increases
Do noble gases have high or low density?
Low
How does noble gas density change as you move down the group?
Increases as relative atomic mass increases
What are properties of the noble gases?
Inert
Low boiling point
Low density
Monatomic
What do halogens and metals react to form?
Metal halides
What state of matter are metal halides at room rempertaure?
Solid ionic compounds
What is the formula between halogens and metals?
metal + halogen –> metal halide
What do hydrogen halides dissolve in water to form?
Acidic solutions
What does hydrogen chloride dissolve in water to form?
Hydrochloric acid
What type of compound are hydrogen halides?
Covalent compounds
What does sodium bromide and chlorine react to make?
sodium bromide + chlorine –> sodium chloride + bromine
displacement reaction
What displaces substances in displacement reactions?
More reactive substances
Which substance is reduced in displacement reactions?
The more reactive susbstance gains electrons
Which substance is oxidised in displacement reactions?
The less reactive substance loses electrons
