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GCSE Chemistry > 6) The Periodic Table > Flashcards

6) The Periodic Table Flashcards

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1
Q

Where are the alkali metals found?

A

Group 1

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2
Q

How many electrons are in an alkali metal’s outer shell?

A

1

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3
Q

What are examples of alkali metals?

A

Lithium
Sodium
Potassium

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4
Q

What is the least reactive alkali metal?

A

Lithium

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5
Q

What happens when lithium reacts with oxygen?

A

Burns with a crimson flame

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6
Q

What happens when lithium reacts with water?

A

Floats on surface
Fizzes
Releases bubbles of hydrogen gas (effervesces)

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7
Q

What happens when sodium reacts with oxygen?

A

Burns with a yellow/orange flame

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8
Q

What happens when sodium reacts with water?

A

Floats on surface

Sodium melts into ball and moves quickly across the surface

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9
Q

Why is sodium more reactive than lithium?

A

It’s outer shell electron is less strongly attracted to the nucleus

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10
Q

What happens when potassium reacts with oxygen?

A

Burns with a lilac flame

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11
Q

What happens when potassium reacts with water?

A

Metal floats on surface and has similar more vigorous reaction compared to sodium

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12
Q

How does reactivity change in the alkali metals?

A

More reactive going down the group

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13
Q

What happens when alkali metals react with oxygen?

A

Rapidly turns from silvery to dull as a metal oxide

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14
Q

What happens when alkali metals react with water?

A

Metal floats on surface and melts to create metal hydroxide

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15
Q

What happens when alkali metals react with chlorine?

A

Metal chloride is formed which dissolves in water to give a colourless solution

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16
Q

What group are the halogens in?

A

Group 7

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17
Q

How many electrons do halogens have in their outer shell?

A

7

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18
Q

What do halogens make in their elemental form?

A

Diatomic molecules

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19
Q

What are diatomic molecules?

A

Molecules made of pairs of atoms

20
Q

What is formed when a metal atom transfers its outer electron to a non-metal atom?

A

Salts

21
Q

How does reactivity change down the halogen group?

A

Halogens become less reactive

22
Q

Why do halogens get less reactive moving down the group?

A

The attraction between the nucleus and electron gained decreases

23
Q

What is the state and colour of bromine at room temperature?

A

Red-brown

Liquid

24
Q

What is the state and colour of iodine at room temperature?

A

Dark grey

Solid

25
Q

What is the state and colour of chlorine at room temperature?

A

Pale green

Gas

26
Q

What is the test for chlorine?

A

Insert damp litmus paper into test tube containing gas

Chlorine bleaches litmus paper from red to white

27
Q

What group are the noble gases?

A

Group 0 (8)

28
Q

Why are the noble gases unreactive?

A

They have a full outer shell of electrons

29
Q

Why are noble gases used in light bulbs?

A

They will not react with the hot metal filament

30
Q

What do noble gases exist as?

A

Single atoms (monotomic) instead of forming molecules

31
Q

Do noble gases have high or low boiling points?

A

Low

32
Q

Why do noble gas boiling points increase as you move down the periodic table?

A

The relative atomic mass increases

33
Q

Do noble gases have high or low density?

A

Low

34
Q

How does noble gas density change as you move down the group?

A

Increases as relative atomic mass increases

35
Q

What are properties of the noble gases?

A

Inert
Low boiling point
Low density
Monatomic

36
Q

What do halogens and metals react to form?

A

Metal halides

37
Q

What state of matter are metal halides at room rempertaure?

A

Solid ionic compounds

38
Q

What is the formula between halogens and metals?

A

metal + halogen –> metal halide

39
Q

What do hydrogen halides dissolve in water to form?

A

Acidic solutions

40
Q

What does hydrogen chloride dissolve in water to form?

A

Hydrochloric acid

41
Q

What type of compound are hydrogen halides?

A

Covalent compounds

42
Q

What does sodium bromide and chlorine react to make?

A

sodium bromide + chlorine –> sodium chloride + bromine

displacement reaction

43
Q

What displaces substances in displacement reactions?

A

More reactive substances

44
Q

Which substance is reduced in displacement reactions?

A

The more reactive susbstance gains electrons

45
Q

Which substance is oxidised in displacement reactions?

A

The less reactive substance loses electrons

GCSE Chemistry (10 decks)

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