9. Philip of Macedon

Question 1

What did Epaminondas do after Leucrtra?

Answer 1

Led a massive army and invaded Laconia and Messenia, and then the main town of Sparta.
Cause helot rebellion in Messenia.

Question 2

Which source covers the invasions of Epaminondas?

Answer 2

Diodorus.

Question 3

What effect did the invasion of Epaminondas have on Sparta?

Answer 3

It broke the Spartan power.

Question 4

When was the Theban Hegemony?

Answer 4

371 BC - c. 350 BC

Question 5

Who was Thebes worst enemies during their hegemony?

Answer 5

Sparta, Athens + Corinth

Question 6

What was the largest battle of the Theban Hegemony, who won?

Answer 6

The Battle of Mantinea in 362 against Athens and Sparta. Thebans won.

Question 7

What did the athenian do in the 350’s?

Answer 7

Attempted at Hegemony.

Question 8

Name 1 source who wrote pamphlets and speeches.

Answer 8

Isocrates.

Question 9

How was Macedon originally see as in the greek World?

Answer 9

Weak, disorganised and semi-barbaric.

Question 10

When was Macedon finally accepted as Greek?

Answer 10

During the reign of Alexander the Great.

Question 11

Why was Philip of Macedon finally accepted as Greek?

Answer 11

Proved that his ancestors were from Argos.

Question 12

What did Philips grandfather attempt to do?

Answer 12

Hellenize his kingdom, by encouraging Euripides in his court.

Question 13

What was Macedon’s military strength?

Answer 13

Cavalry.

Question 14

What does Herodotus say about Alexander I?

Answer 14

He took part in the Olympic games - by proving his ancestors to be Agrive, from Argos.

Question 15

What did Diodorus say about Philip?

Answer 15

Philip was taken as a hostage by Thebans - very positive about him.

Question 16

What did expansion Philip do in his early reign?

Answer 16

Dealt with the Athenians.
Bribed the Thracian king to abandon the Pausanias.
Marched his army against the Illyrains.

Question 17

What major area did Philip capture in his early reign which was important?

Answer 17

Mining town of Crenides.

Gold mines = 1000 talents per year.

Question 18

What alliance did Philip make his early years, with who and when?

Answer 18

With Olynthus in 358-348 BC.

Question 19

What did the alliance between Philip and Olynthus mean?

Answer 19

Neither could make a separate alliance with Athens.

Question 20

Where were copies of the alliance set up?

Answer 20

Delphi, sanitary of Artemis at Olynthus and temple of Zeus at Dium.

Question 21

Who broke the alliance?

Answer 21

The Olynthians.

Question 22

What source do we have for the breaking of the alliance between the Spartans + the Olynthians, what do they say?

Answer 22

Libarnius, they violated the terms of the agreement - broken a holy/sacred vow.

Question 23

What Athenian is horribly against Philip?

Answer 23

Demosthenes’

Question 24

What does Demosthenes’ call Philip?

Answer 24

Barabarian with no honour. ‘That Macedonian wretch’

Question 25

Who positively writes about philip?

Answer 25

Isocrates

Question 26

When does Philip go to war with the Olythians?

Answer 26

348 BC

Question 27

How did Philip defeat the Olythians?

Answer 27

In 2 land battles and then by besieging the city.

2 Olynthian commanders betrayed their people for a bribe.

Question 28

What did Philip do after he defeated the Olythians?

Answer 28

Sold them into slavery and raised their city to the ground.

Question 29

Which god was credited with the success of the war against the Olythians?

Answer 29

Zeus.

Question 30

Which is the 1st Sacred war we know about and when did it take place?

Answer 30

3rd Sacred War in 357-346 BC

Question 31

How did the 3rd sacred war occur?

Answer 31

The Thebans convinced the council in control of Delphi to strike against Phocis.

Question 32

Why the Phocians?

Answer 32

They were accused of cultivating sacred land. They refused to pay the fine.

Question 33

What did the Amphictionic council attempt to do?

Answer 33

Seize the land and consecrate it to Apollo.

Question 34

Who tried to stop the council from taking the land?

Answer 34

Philomelos.

Question 35

How did Philomelos try to keep the land?

Answer 35

He cited the Iliad which claimed it was theirs.

Question 36

Who led the war against the Phocians, what happened?

Answer 36

Thebes and Thessalians. They were defeated due to Phocians resources. Phocians invaded Thessaly.

Question 37

Why did Philip get involved in the 3rd Sacred war?

Answer 37

Thessaly was invaded and asked for their help.

Question 38

Was Philips initial attacks in the 3rd sacred war successful?

Answer 38

No, he was defeated twice and forced to withdraw.

Question 39

What happened when the Phocians invaded again?

Answer 39

Philip won.

Question 40

What was credited to the victory at the Battle of the Crocus Fields?

Answer 40

Philip’s troops wore laurel wreaths for the god Apollo.

Question 41

What was unusual about the defeat of Phocis?

Answer 41

The soldiers were slaughtered as they ran.

Question 42

What role did Philip take after the victory at the Battle of the Crocus Fields?

Answer 42

Role of the Gods.

Question 43

What happens in 346 BC?

Answer 43

Athens finally make peace with Philip, with the Peace of Philocrates.

Question 44

What did the withdrawal of the Phocian vote mean of Philip?

Answer 44

He was given the vote = official Greek

Question 45

Who broke this 2nd peace between the Macedonians and the Athenians, when?

Answer 45

The Athenians in 339 BC

Question 46

What Battle started the 4th Sacred war?

Answer 46

The Battle of Chaeronea.

Question 47

Who was involved in the Battle of Chaeronea?

Answer 47

Athens, Thebes and Macedonia.

Question 48

Who won the Battle of Chaeronea?

Answer 48

The Macedonians

Question 49

What new Peace Treaty ended the 4th Sacred war?

Answer 49

League of Corinth