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Greek History > 3. Athenian Democracy > Flashcards

3. Athenian Democracy Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the 3 largest poleis?

A

Athens, Attica and Sparta.

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2
Q

How large was the polis of Attica estimated to be?

A

2500 km2

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3
Q

What was found in Egypt in the 19th century?

A

A papyrus from the school of Aristotle telling us of the 6th century BC issues.

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4
Q

Date Solon of Athens’ reforms.

A

593-593 BC

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5
Q

What did Solon attempt to fix?

A

The policial conflicts between rich + poor.

Increasingly confident + vocal masses.

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6
Q

What did the poor demand during their revolution before Solon?

A

An equal redistribution of property.

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7
Q

What is the other Name for Solon of Athens and who gave it to him?

A

Solon the Lawgiver but the papyri of the school of Aristotle.

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8
Q

What did Solon not want to do?

A

Redistribute the land.

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9
Q

What did Solon do to help arrange the people?

A

Assigned offices of state according to the wealth classes.

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10
Q

What were the 4 wealth classes, in order of wealth?

A

Thetes, Zeugitai, Hippies + Pentakosiomedimnoi.

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11
Q

Which class was the poorest men?

A

Thetes.

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12
Q

What reformations did Solon carry out?

A

Office status depended on your physical wealth - not birth right.
Abolition of the feudal system + enslavement of citizens.
Creation of the Boule.
Introduction of judicial appeal to the masses.

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13
Q

Why were citizens often enslaved in Ancient Athens?

A

To repay Debts.

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14
Q

What was the judicial appeal to the masses?

A

If a citizen disagreed with a judges ruling they could appeal in front of a full court = unbiased judgement.

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15
Q

What happened after Solon?

A

Unrest continued.

Athens slipped into 3 separate factions.

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16
Q

What were the 3 factions created after Solon’s reforms and who led them?

A

Pedieis led by Lykourgos.
Paralioi led by Megakles.
Hypakrioi led by Peisistratos.

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17
Q

What was the other term for the pedieis?

A

men of the plain.

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18
Q

What was the other term for the Paralioi?

A

Men of the coast.

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19
Q

What was the other term for the Hypakrioi?

A

Men from over the hills

20
Q

When did Peisistratos begin to gain power?

A

561/560 BC

21
Q

What happens as Peisistratos begin to gain power?

A

They were expelled from Athens + is then returned to power with the help of Megakles.

22
Q

What occurs between 556-565 BC?

A

Peisistratos falls out with Megakles and is expelled from the area.

23
Q

When do the Tyrants return to power and when do they rule to?

A

546-545 BC to 511/510 BC

24
Q

What does the Athenian Politeia say about Peisistratos?

A

That he was a very positive figure - democratic + humane manner. willing to do anything to keep the law.

25
Q

What are the 3 accounts of the liberation from Peisistratos?

A

Official, incorrect - Harmodius + Aristrogeition, tyrant slayers, took them down.
True - Spartans.
Maybe - Spartans did it, as rich Athenian family bribed the Delphic Oracle compel them to do so.

26
Q

What happened after the tyrants?

A

The rich began to fight again - Kleistenes vs. Isagoras.

27
Q

What occurs in 507 BC?

A

The Kleistenes promise the people political reforms in return for support + the spartan try to interfere again.

28
Q

What were the Kleistenes political reforms?

A

Split Athens into 10, consisting of 3 ‘trittyes’ consisting of ‘demes’.
A new Boule of 500 people

29
Q

What are ‘demes’?

A

Local urban centres in Attica.

30
Q

What did the new Boule from the Kleistenes political reforms consist of?

A

50 councillors on a year rotation for every tribe.

31
Q

What are the 2 meanings of demos?

A

the entire people (ideally) + the masses, not including the rich or minority.

32
Q

What was the Ekklesia?

A

Popular assembly.

33
Q

What did the Ekklesia made decision on?

A

Spending, Defence, foreign relations + the conduct of magistrates.

34
Q

Who could become part of the Ekklesia?

A

Any male over 20.

35
Q

How often would the Ekklesia gather?

A

Every 9 days.

36
Q

What did the Ekklesia require to take place?

A

A quorum of at least 6000.

37
Q

When did Ekklesia become a paid profession?

A

c. 400 BC

38
Q

What did the ‘Boule’ do?

A

Discussed matter before the Ekklesia and prepared agendas for its meetings.
Received embassies from foreign states.

39
Q

How many member were there for the Boule?

A
  1. 50 from each tribe chosen by a lottery of male citizens older than 30.
40
Q

When did the boule meet?

A

Every day.

41
Q

What was the presidency inside the Boule?

A

A role of command which routed the 10 tribes every month.

42
Q

How many Athenians actually took part in the Boule?

A

30-40% served for at least a year.

43
Q

What was the Dikasteria?

A

Those who would judge cases of law breaking.

44
Q

How many members were there of the Dikasteria?

A

6000 males over 30.

45
Q

What did the Dikasteria do?

A

Met daily to judge cases.

46
Q

How many Dikasteria had to present for an individual case?

A

201-501, but sometimes a lot more, depending of the seriousness.

47
Q

How did the Athenians keep cases fair?

A

Assigned juries to avoid bribery.

Greek History (10 decks)

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