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Greek History > 5. Persian Wars > Flashcards

5. Persian Wars Flashcards

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1
Q

Which period did the Persian Wars take place?

A

The Classical period, c. 500 BC

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2
Q

What monument of war commemorates the Persian Wars and when was it dedicated?

A

The Serpent column c. 479 BC

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3
Q

Which Roman Roman king claimed the Serpent column?

A

Constantine I

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4
Q

Where was the Serpent column and where was it moved to?

A

The Temple of Apollo at Delphi and moved to Constantinople or Istanbul on a golden tripod.

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5
Q

What was the 1st inscription on the Serpent Column referencing?

A

The defeat of the Persians at the hands of Pausanias - ignoring the other Greek Poleis.

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6
Q

What happened toe the 1st inscription of Serpent Column?

A

The Spartans immediately erased it + replaced it with the names of EVERY polis which took part in the war.

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7
Q

What is the strange thing about the 2nd inscription?

A

There is no mention of the Greeks at all, yet it still presents unity.

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8
Q

What does the 2nd inscription do?

A

Displays the unity of the Greeks, however not all of the Greek poleis are involved. Unity of a few?

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9
Q

What was the 1st key Event which started the Persian wars and when did it occur?

A

The Ionian Revolt in 499-494 BC

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10
Q

What happened in the Ionian Revolt?

A

Athens and Eretria attempt to help the Ionians revolt against the Persian empire.

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11
Q

How many people are killed in the Ionian Revolt?

A

192 Athenians and 6000 Persians (supposedly)

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12
Q

Who won the Ionian revolt?

A

The Persians.

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13
Q

What happened after the Ionian Revolt was crushed?

A

In 492, Darius sends Mardonius to attack the Greeks by sea.

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14
Q

When is the Battle of Marathon?

A

490 BC

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15
Q

What started the Battle of Marathon?

A

Darius sends an expedition to punish Athens and Eritrea.

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16
Q

Who won the Battle of Marathon?

A

The Athenians and the Eretrians.

17
Q

When does the Persian invasion of Greece under Xerxes begin?

A

480 BC

18
Q

What occurs in 480 BC, other than the invasion?

A

The Battle of Thermopylae and the sack of Athens.

19
Q

Who lead the Greeks in the Battle of Thermopylae?

A

King Leonidas of Sparta.

20
Q

How many men fought in the Battle of Thermopylae?

A

7000 for the Greeks.

Persians were supposedly over 1 million - modern scholars say 100,000-150,000.

21
Q

How long did the Battle of Thermopylae last?

A

7 days, including at least 3 full days of battle.

22
Q

How did the Greeks lose the Battle of Thermopylae?

A

They were betrayed by a Greek man named Ephialtes.

They were vastly Outnumbered.

23
Q

How many Greek men were lost at the Battle of Thermopylae?

A

300 Spartans, 700 Thespians + 400 Thebans

24
Q

What happened after the Battle of Thermopylae?

A

The Athenians decided to withdraw to Salamis. Athens was sacked. The Battle of Salamis was won.

25
Q

What and when was the Battle of Salamis?

A

480 BC, it was a naval battle between Xerxes’ Persians and the unified Greek states, under Athens.

26
Q

Why did the Persians lose the Battle of Salamis?

A

In such a confined space, the huge Persian fleet was a hindrance - couldn’t move + became disorganised.

27
Q

What happens upon the defeat of the Persians at the Battle of Salamis?

A

Xerxes retreated with much of his army and fled home to Persia.

28
Q

What and when was the decisive fall of the Persians?

A

At the Battle of Plataea in the summer of 479 BC.

29
Q

How did the Battle of Plateau begin?

A

The Greek army assembled a large, by ancient standards, army and the Persians set up a fortified camp near Plataea.
A stalemate for 11 days.

30
Q

What cause the stalemate of 11 days in the beginning of the Battle of Plataea?

A

The Greeks refused to be drawn into cavalry terrain.

31
Q

What officially began the Battle of Plataea?

A

The Greeks supply line was disrupted, so they attempted to retreat, disrupting the line. The Persians thought they were in full retreat so attacked.

32
Q

Which forces in particular battled in the Battle of Plataea?

A

Spartans, Athenians and Tegeans.

33
Q

What ended the Battle of Plataea?

A

The death of the commander Mardonius and the slaughter of the Persian camp.

34
Q

Who was Cyrus the Great?

A

Founder of the Persians and the Achaemenid Empire. Father of Cambyses.

35
Q

What effect of the Persian empire did Cyrus have?

A

Greatly expanded + conquered most of the Southwest Asian area.

36
Q

How did Cyrus come into power?

A

He overthrew his grandfather in 549 BC.

37
Q

What was the Oath of the Hellenic League?

A

That all Greeks that fought the Persians in the war entered into a sworn agreement - if thy should win, they would dedicate a 10th of treasures from Greeks who had not sided with them to Apollo at Delphi.

38
Q

Who talks about the Oath of the Hellenic League?

A

Herodotus.

Greek History (10 decks)

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