9 Pavlov

Question 1

It’s Not Just About Salivating Dogs? Year

Answer 1

1927

Question 2

It’s Not Just About Salivating Dogs? Author

Answer 2

Pavlov

Question 3

It’s Not Just About Salivating Dogs? Background( 3 things)

Answer 3

(1) Pavlov started off as a physiologist studying digestion, for which he won a Nobel Prize.
(2) He incidentally discovered that salivation was in a sense a reflex beacuse when he gave dogs wet food they salivated less than when he gave them dry food
(3) After a while he realized that the dogs where salivating when no food was present at all, so this salivation could not be explained as a purely physiological reflex.

Question 4

It’s Not Just About Salivating Dogs? Theory (4 things)

Answer 4

(1) Unconditioned responses are inborn and automatic.
(2) Conditioned responses are acquired through experience.
(3) How are conditioned responses acquired?
(4) He proposed that the presence of a neutral stimulus (footsteps) along with an unconditioned stimulus (food) would eventually result in the neutral stimulus becoming a conditioned stimulus and would produce a conditioned response (salivating) .

Question 5

It’s Not Just About Salivating Dogs? Method and Results (3 things)

Answer 5

(1) Dogs were exposed to the ticking of the metronome and then was immediately presented with food.
(2) He observed that eventually the sounds of the metronome resulted in salivation.
(3) Pavlov moved on to different stimuli, such as pairing the smell of vanilla with a squirt of lemon juice - eventually the vanilla scent alone produced the salivation associated with the lemon juice.

Question 6

It’s Not Just About Salivating Dogs? Significance (3 things)

Answer 6

(1) Pavlov’s theory of classical conditioning is now universally accepted and has remained largely unchanged since his time.
(2) Any reflex can be conditioned to occur to a previously neutral stimulus.
(3) Pavlov’s work was greatly influential in the development of behaviorism.

Question 7

It’s Not Just About Salivating Dogs? Legacy (3 things)

Answer 7

(1) Research: Watson conditioned Little Albert to fear a white rat (and other furry things) by employing the same principles.
(2) Research: Researchers conditioned coyotes not to hunt farmed sheep by placing around meat injected with a chemical that made the coyotes sick.
(3) Research: Studies have found that children whose parents have phobias may develop the same phobias through “vicarious” conditioning without any direct exposure to the feared object.