8 Spanos

Question 1

Acting As If You Are Hypnotized Year

Answer 1

1983

Question 2

Acting As If You Are Hypnotized Author

Answer 2

Spanos

Question 3

Acting As If You Are Hypnotized Background/Theory (3 things)

Answer 3

(1) Hilgard believed that hypnosis was an altered state and that their behavior is involuntary.
(2) Spanos theorized that hypnosis is just increased motivation.
(3) Spanos thought that patients expect to lose voluntary control, so they believe that they actually did lose voluntary control.

Question 4

Acting As If You Are Hypnotized Arm Rigidity Method/Results (3 things)

Answer 4

(1) half of participants were told arm rigidity is a side effect of hynosis, the other half were not.
(2) All participants were then hypnotized.
(3) Participants in the first group developed rigid arms.

Question 5

Acting As If You Are Hypnotized Anagelsia Method/Results (2 things)

Answer 5

(1) half participants were told they’d put their arms in water twice (once normal then hypnotized), half were not informed in advance.
(2) participants in the first group reported very high pain normal then very low pain hypnotized, but participants in the second group reported medium pain both times.

Question 6

Acting As If You Are Hypnotized Significance (2 things)

Answer 6

(1) hypnotic behaviors are the result of highly motivated, goal-directed social behavior, not an altered and unique state of consciousness.
(2) However, whether the effects of hypnosis are produced by an altered state of awareness or by increased motivation does not change the fact that hypnosis is often a useful method of helping people improve something in their lives.

Question 7

Acting As If You Are Hypnotized Legacy (3 things)

Answer 7

(1) Research: reluctant hypnosis participants display greater effects when they receive some form of information about what to expect before hand.
(2) Research: Loftus and other researchers have demonstrated that repressed memories discovered in hypnosis are likely to be false.
(3) Hypnosis continues to be used today in clinical settings to help people quit drinking, smoking, to lose weight, etc.