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RT 209 > 9. Other Radiographic Equipment > Flashcards

9. Other Radiographic Equipment Flashcards

1
Q

used in rapid and serial exposures

A

Film and Cassette Changers

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2
Q

maximum of 6 per second

A

cut film changer

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3
Q

maximum of 12 per second

A

roll film changer

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4
Q

up to 1 exposure per second

A

Manual Cassette Changer

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5
Q

usually used in cerebral angiography where blood flow is slow

A

Manual Cassette Changer

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6
Q

3 to 5 cassettes held together in a holder by a large spring

A

Manual Cassette Changer

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7
Q

designed to accomplish rapid serialization of examination

A

Automatic Cassette Changer

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8
Q

up to 3 exposure per second

A

Automatic Cassette Changer

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9
Q

the photography of the image obtained on a fluoroscopic screen

A

Photofluoroscopy Unit

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10
Q

a permanent record is made through the fluoroscopic unit

A

Photofluoroscopy Unit

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11
Q

a specialized x-ray machine that uses a diagnostic technique in which a camera is used to record moving images of internal body structures produced through fluoroscopy

A

Cinefluoro Unit

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12
Q

Mobile Equipment

A
  • Radiographic Units

* Fluoroscopic Units

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13
Q

Radiographic Unit

A
  • Direct Power
  • Battery Power
  • Capacitor –Discharge
  • High Frequency
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14
Q

can vary in the radiation output for a given exposure technique

A

Mobile x-ray units

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15
Q

In addition, care must be exercise in transporting and manipulating the mobile unit at the _____

A

patient’s bedside

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16
Q

usually used to aid the physician during surgery or angiographic studies

A

Fluoroscopic Units

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17
Q

Dedicated Units

A
  • Chest
  • Panoramic X-ray
  • Bone Densitometry
  • Mammography
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18
Q

is designed to image the thorax in the upright position

A

a dedicated chest unit

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19
Q

designed to image curved surfaces, typically the mandible of the teeth

A

Panoramic X-ray (Panorex)

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20
Q

also known as dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA or DEXA)

A

Bone Densitometer

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21
Q

enhanced form of x-ray technology that is used to measure bone loss

A

Bone Densitometer

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22
Q

specialized procedure using ionizing radiation to provide information on the condition of the skeletal bones

A

Bone Densitometer

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23
Q

the anatomic regions are scanned with two different x-ray energies to isolate bone from soft tissue attenuation

A

Bone Densitometer

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24
Q

absorb the x-ray photons and convert the energy proportionally to visible light, which is measured and sent to a computer for data analysis

A

DXA scintillation detectors

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25
Q

DXA or DEXA

A

dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry

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26
Q

indicates fracture risk

A

T-Score

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27
Q

may signify the need to evaluate patient for secondary cause of osteoporosis

A

Z-Score

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28
Q

2 Types of DXA Equipment

A
  • Central device

* Peripheral device

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29
Q

is a specialized radiographic imaging procedure of the breast

A

Mammography

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30
Q

Mammography uses _____ kVp

A

low kVp (24 to 34 kVp)

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31
Q

In Mammography, the focal spot size used is

A

0.1 to 0.3 mm

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32
Q

exit port of Mammography

is made up of _____

A

beryllium

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33
Q

unique features include the ability to produce low kVp photons by using a tube anode constructed molybdenum and rhodium, a molybdenum or rhodium-composed tube filter, a beryllium port window, smaller focal spot sizes for improved resolution, compression for imaging a more uniform breast and the ability to magnify area of the breast

A

Dedicated Mammography Units

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34
Q

Mammography and Xeroradiography

•First attempted in ____

A

1920

35
Q

Robert Egan demonstrated a successful mammographic technique year

A

Late 1950’s

36
Q

year – xeroradiography developed by _____

A

1960’s,

Wolf and Ruzicka,

37
Q

the making of radiographs by a dry, totally photoelectric process, using metal plates coated with a semiconductor, such as selenium

A

Xeroradiography

38
Q

Purpose of Compression during Mammography

A
  1. Immobilizes breast
  2. Less thickness tissue
  3. Uniform thickness
  4. Reduces scatter radiation
  5. Position closer to image receptor
  6. Thinner tissue
39
Q

made of tungsten (Z=74), molybdenum (Z=42) or a rhodium (Z=45) of Mammography

A

Target Composition

40
Q

Atomic no. of Tungsten

A

74

41
Q

Atomic no. of Molybdenum

A

42

42
Q

Atomic no. of rhodium

A

45

43
Q

mammography range of kVp use is from ____

A

20 to 35 kVp

44
Q

Focal Spot of Mammography

A

circular or rectangular

45
Q

Focal Spot sizes of Mammography

A

(0.6/0.3), (0.5/0.2), (0.4/0.1)

46
Q

Filtration of Mammography – should be filtered with ____ of molybdenum or rhodium

A

30 to 60 microns

47
Q

x-ray tube window of Mammography is made up of ____

A

beryllium or borosilicate

48
Q

Atomic no. of beryllium

A

4

49
Q

inherent filtration of Mammography=

A

0.1 mm Al equivalent

50
Q

If molybdenum target is used, molybdenum filtration of __ micrometer is used

A

3

51
Q

If rhodium target is used, rhodium filtration of __ micrometer is used

A

50

52
Q

Common Combination of Target and Filter

A
  • Molybdenum – molybdenum
  • rhodium – rhodium
  • Tungsten – rhodium
53
Q

Grid ratio

A

4:1 or 5:1

54
Q

Grid frequency of Mammography

A

30 lines per centimeter

55
Q

Film types

A
  • Film-Screen system

* Single emulsion film

56
Q

is affixed to the tube head and is used to align the tube head with the patient and the X-ray film

A

The cylinder – (or cone) of Dental X-ray Unit

57
Q

contains all the components necessary to generate x-rays

A

Tube of Dental X-ray Unit

58
Q

Conventional Tomography

A
  • Linear Tomography
  • Multidirectional tomography
  • Zonography
  • Panoramic Tomography
59
Q

designed to bring into focus only that anatomy lying in a plane of interest while blurring structures on either side of the plane

A

Tomography

60
Q

is an imaging procedure using movement of the x-ray tube and image receptor in opposing directions to create images of structures in a focal plane by blurring the anatomy located above and below the plane of interest

A

Linear Tomography

61
Q

the ____ the amount of blurring of the objects above and below, the more visible is the area of interest

A

greater (Linear Tomography)

62
Q

increase exposure time is used

A

Linear Tomography

63
Q

the x-ray tube and the image receptor moves in one direction

A

Linear Tomography

64
Q

5 Basic Types of Tomographic Movements

A
  • Linear
  • Circular
  • Elliptical
  • Hypocycloidal
  • Trispiral
65
Q

is the imaging pivot point about which the x-ray and the image receptor move

A

Fulcrum

66
Q

the fixed or pivot point that lies in the plane of interest during movement of the x-ray tube and IR

A

Pivot Point or Fulcrum

67
Q

depending on the type of system, the ____ can be changed by moving the patient up and down or the pivot point is moved up or down

A

fulcrum

68
Q

the plane in which the area of interest lies

A

Focal Plane

69
Q

also known as object plane

A

Focal Plane

70
Q

the structure here are sharper

A

Focal Plane

71
Q

the angle movement

A

Tomographic Angle

72
Q

determines the section image

A

Tomographic Angle

73
Q

is the arc created during total movement of the x-ray tube

A

Tomographic Angle

74
Q

the amount of blur is ____ related to tomographic angle

A

directly

75
Q

the thickness of the section is ____ related to tomographic angle

A

inversely

76
Q

thickness of tissue that will be imaged

A

Tomographic Layer

77
Q

the thickness or width of the focal plane

A

sections

78
Q

Multidirectional Tomography

A
  • Circular
  • Elliptical
  • Hypocycloidal
  • Trispiral
79
Q

type of tomography used when imaging large zone of tissue

A

Zonography

80
Q

usually used for chest examination using tomographic angles of 1 to 5 degrees

A

Zonography

81
Q

first developed for fast dental surveys

A

Panoramic Tomography

82
Q

the x-ray tube and the image receptor moves around the head

A

Panoramic Tomography

83
Q

the beam and the receptor is receptor is slit collimated

A

Panoramic Tomography

RT 209 (11 decks)

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