12. Equipment Maintenance Flashcards
is maintenance performed on equipment that has broken down and is unusable
Breakdown Maintenance
it may be either planned or unplanned
Breakdown Maintenance
is a maintenance task performed to identify, isolate, and rectify a fault so that the failed equipment, machine, or system can be restored to an operational condition within the tolerances or limits established for an in-service operations
Corrective Maintenance
are designed to help determine the condition of in-service equipment in order to estimate when maintenance should be performed
Predictive Maintenance techniques
is maintenance that is regularly performed on a piece of equipment to lessen the likehood of it failing
Preventive Maintenance
it is performed while the equipment is still working so that it does not break down unexpectedly
Preventive Maintenance
Preventive Maintenance
- Time-based preventive maintenance
* Usage-based preventive maintenance
to insure the proper functioning of the processor, a systemic approach for routine start-up, operation, and shut down of the processor is necessary
Processor Start-Up, Operation, and Shutdown
Start-Up Procedure
- Racks, crossovers, squeegee, and other parts are in their proper places
- Developer, fixer, and wash water should be at proper levels
- Replenishment chemicals should be adequate
Tank Drain Valves (Start-Up Procedure)
- Close the wash tank drain to fill the tank with proper level of water and then open slightly while increasing the flow rate of water
- Valves of the developer and fixer tanks should be closed tightly
the main electrical power switch should be turned on to energize the electrical switches on the processor control panel
Main Power (Start-Up Procedure)
the processor switches located on the control panel are turned on in the following order:
main drive, replenisher pumps, and the blower and heater elements in the dryer
processor needs to be on for 15 to 30 minutes before it reaches its proper temperature
Developer Temperature (Start-Up Procedure)
the indicator must be checked periodically for accuracy
Developer Temperature (Start-Up Procedure)
the best temperature is the lowest that will still adequately dry the films
Dryer Temperature (Start-Up Procedure)
indicator must be checked periodically for accuracy
Dryer Temperature
Start-Up Procedure
the processor cover panels should be replaced tightly to insure that no light leaks are present
Panel Covers
Start-Up Procedure
check the placement and condition of the safelight
Panel Covers
Start-Up Procedure
14 x 17 inch films should be run through the processor as clean-up films to remove deposits left on the rollers and to insure that film transportation system is in good condition
Clean-Up Films
Start-Up Procedure
films should be observed as they leave the processor to make sure that they exit in a straight line
Dryer Drop Inspection
Start-Up Procedure
films should be checked again for artifacts
Dryer Drop Inspection
Start-Up Procedure
after all radiographs have exited, all the switches on the processor, and the main power switch should be turned off
Main Power (Shutdown Procedure)
must be turned off
Water Valves (Shutdown Procedure)
the top cover must be opened slightly to prevent build-up of chemical fumes, deposits, and allow air to circulate within the processor
Panel Cover (Shutdown Procedure)
schedule for major cleaning and inspection must be after _____ or at the end of a _____, whichever occur first
5000 films,
30-day period
sponge, small brush, clean towels, Scotch Brite, and water
Cleaning Materials
Personnel must be equipped with plastic aprons, rubber gloves, and goggles to protect from chemical splashes
Cleaning Materials
Daily Cleaning
– crossover assemblies soak in a warm water and Scotch Brite and wet sponge are used to remove deposits
- entrance rollers and squeegee assemblies are damp wiped and not soak in water
- feed tray must be damped wiped and treated with antistatic cleaner
Weekly Cleaning
– complete daily cleaning checklist
- deep rack should be washed separately with warm water. Attention should be given to the sides including gears, chains and rollers
- clean other areas such as main drive shaft, rack support plates, and worm gears
system cleaner for the developer racks and tanks should have an acid pH level that reacts with the alkaline developer _____ to break down developer deposits
pH 10.6
for acid fixer a pH of ___ should be used
4.1
breaks down the hydroquinone that results in the loss of blacks in the radiograph
chlorine-based systems cleaner
breaks down the hydroquinone and create sludge and dissolve metallic silver
sulfamic-based systems cleaner
for most parts of radiographic equipment, the preventive maintenance and inspection procedure consists of a detailed examination of the device’s electrical and mechanical condition and safety inspection to insure that the device functions reliably, reproductively, and safely
Preventive Maintenance
Three levels of Single Preventive Maintenance Procedure
Level 1 – thorough inspection and operational test procedure performed yearly
Level 2 – detailed survey of the device’s physical condition and operation integrity. Designed as midyear inspection and performed approximately 6 months after level 1 inspection
Level 3 – functional operation and safety test. It is brief and intended to keep equipment in service
Visual Inspection (1)
– ceiling brackets, clamps and tie-downs for control and power cabling should be securely attached and strong enough to support the cabling
- control knobs, mechanical locks and levels should be securely attached to the driven element properly indexed
- cabling, conductors and accessories should be clean, free of cracks, frays or splices and functional
- nuts, bolts, screw, and other hardware should be tight and in good condition
- wheels and rollers should be clean, free of dust and corrosion, properly lubricated and functional
- electrical connectors should be free of cracks and breaks and should be properly attached to the housing, chassis, cords, or cabling
- cables, clips, and terminals should be free of dirt, dust, and corrosion and should not be worn or pitted
Visual Inspection (1)
- the grounding system should be of an approved type, properly installed, and functional
- switches, circuit breakers, fuse holders, and indicators should be free of dirt, dust, and corrosion and should not be worn, pitted, scratches, or marred
- all electrical components should be properly mounted and should operate without overheating
- circuit breakers and line switches should be accessible
- interlocks should be properly mounted and functional
Performance Testing
- indicators, such as pilot lights, and audible alarms, and meter movements, should operate as specified by the manufacturer’s operating manual
- appropriate specific responses should occur when controls are placed in specific positions as specified by the manufacturer’s operating manual
- the ground impedance from controller chassis and tube housing to power connections should not be allowed to exceed 0.1 Ω
the unit’s service outlets and electrical distribution should be inspected and tested to insure that
Environmental Inspection
Environmental Inspection
- Voltage level is within specified limits
- The receptacles polarity is correct
- The receptacles are grounded
- The receptacles have mechanical integrity and are of approved hospital grade
- Mechanical clearance between the x-ray controls, tube housing, transformer and other instruments, apparatus, and devices should be adequate
Radiographic Mechanical Apparatus
- Environmental Inspection
* Mechanical clearance between the tabletop and other instruments, apparatus, and devices should be
Environmental Inspection
o The service outlets and electrical distribution used should be inspected and tested to insure that:
- Voltage level is within specified limits
- Polarity is correct
- Proper ground is present
Bucky Units
• Visual inspection
o Mounting brackets, clamps and tie-downs for control and power cabling should be securely attached and strong enough to support cabling
o Mechanical locks and levers should be securely attached and functional
o Cabling, conductors, and accessories should be clean, free of cracks, frays or splices, and functional
o Mechanical hardware (springs, nuts, bolts, screws, and other similar components) should be properly mounted, and functional
o All electrical components should be properly mounted and should operate without overheating
Bucky Units
• Performance Testing Factors
o Release latches, limit switches, dash pots, and drive elements should move the Bucky assembly in a controlled manner
o Bucky motion should start before initiation of exposure and stop after termination
o Table vibration due to the Bucky movement should not be excessive
Radiographic Tables
• Visual Inspection (1)
o Brackets, clamps, and tie-downs for control and power cabling should be securely attached and strong enough to support the cabling
o Control knobs, mechanical locks, and levers should be securely attached to the driven element and properly indexed
o Switches, circuit breakers, fuse holders, and indicators should be accessible, free of dirt, dust, and corrosion and should not be worn, pitted, scratched, or marred
o Cabling, conductors and accessories should be clean, free of cracks, frays or splices, and functional
o Gears, chains and rollers should be clean, free of dust and corrosion, properly lubricated, and functional
Radiographic Tables
• Visual Inspection (2)
o Electrical connectors should be free of cracks and breaks and should be properly attached to the housing
o The grounding system should be of an approved type, properly installed, and functional
o All electrical components should be properly mounted and should operate without overheating
o Interlocks should be properly mounted and functional
o Handholds, footrests, and patient strapping should be clean, free of defects, and functional
Radiographic Tables
• Performance Testing
o Indicators should operate as specified by the manufacturer’s operating manual
o The table should rotate smoothly through its full arc, with minimum mechanical vibration
o When necessary, the tabletop should move through its degrees of freedom with minimum effort
o Rotation of the table or sliding of the tabletop should not be encumbered by cable drops
o The ground impedance from the radiographic table to power connections should not exceed 0.1 Ω
Secondary Radiation Grids
• Visual Inspection
o Clamps and holders for the grid frames should be securely attached and strong enough to hold the grid firmly
o Mechanical locks should be securely attached and properly positioned
o Grid surfaces should be clean, free of deposits, and properly identified; the top surface should be indexed
Secondary Radiation Grids
• Performance Testing Factors
o Minimum grid lines should appear on exposed radiographic film
o No slippage of the radiation in its Bucky holder should be allowed
the fluoroscopic screen should be properly mounted, clean, and functional
Spot-Film Devices and Fluoroscopic Imaging System
the tube-head assembly should be clean, properly filled with oil, and free of leaks
Mobile X-ray Systems
the tube-head assembly should lock in the stowed position for transport
Mobile X-ray Systems
cleanliness is of the utmost importance. Dirt, oil, and grease buildup contributes to a large number of whole-body scanner failures
Whole-Body Scanners
