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RT 209 > 7. Radiographic Equipment > Flashcards

7. Radiographic Equipment Flashcards

1
Q

a device that measures the quantity of radiation reaches the image receptor

A

Automatic Exposure Control (AEC)

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2
Q

it automatically terminates exposure when IR has received that required radiation intensity

A

Automatic Exposure Control (AEC)

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3
Q

AEC systems also are called

A

automatic exposure devices

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4
Q

once a predetermined amount of radiation is transmitted through a patient, the x-ray exposure is terminated

A

Automatic Exposure Control (AEC)

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5
Q

this determines the exposure time and therefore the total amount of radiation exposure to the image receptor

A

Automatic Exposure Control (AEC)

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6
Q

2 Types of AEC System

A
  • Phototimers

* Ionization Chamber

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7
Q

specifically refers to the use of an AEC device that uses photomultiplier tubes or photodiodes

A

Phototiming

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8
Q

are the AEC devices that measure the amount of radiation transmitted

A

Detectors

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9
Q

used for exposure timer checks

A

Solid-state Radiation Detectors

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10
Q

operate with a very accurate internal clock based on a quartz-crystal oscillator

A

Solid-state Radiation Detectors

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11
Q

fluorescent (light-producing) screen and a device that converts the light to electricity

A

Phototimers

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12
Q

an electronic device that converts visible light energy into electrical energy

A

Photomultiplier Tube (PMT)

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13
Q

is a solid-state device that performs the same function of a PMT

A

photodiode

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14
Q

also called exit-type devices

A

Photomultiplier Tube (PMT)

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15
Q

flat, parallel plate ______ positioned between the patient and the image receptor

A

Ionization Chamber

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16
Q

a hollow cell that contains air and is connected to the timer circuit via an electrical wire

A

Ionization Chamber

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17
Q

considered as entrance-type devices

A

Ionization Chamber

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18
Q

less sophisticated, less accurate, less prone to failure

A

Ionization Chamber

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19
Q

interacts with exit radiation before it reaches the image receptor

A

Ionization Chamber

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20
Q

air in the chamber is ionized and electric charge that is proportional to the amount of radiation is created

A

Ionization Chamber

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21
Q

If the radiographic unit has a mAs readout display, the radiographer should observe the reading ____ the exposure is made

A

after

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22
Q

The radiographer must be sure to set the ___ value as needed to ensure adequate penetration and to produce the appropriate scale of contrast

A

kVp

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23
Q

The ___ selected determines the length of exposure time when using AEC

A

kVp

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24
Q

A ___ kVp required more exposure time when using AEC

A

low

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25
Q

requires more exposure time to reach the predetermined amount of exposure

A

low kVp

26
Q

decreases the exposure time to reach the predetermined amount of exposure and reduces the overall radiation exposure to the patient

A

high kVp

27
Q

If the radiographer can set the __ when using AEC, it affects the time of exposure for a given procedure

A

mA

28
Q

Increasing the mA _____ the exposure time to reach the predetermined amount of exposure

A

decreases

29
Q

Decreasing the mA _____ exposure time to reach the predetermined amount of exposure

A

increases

30
Q

Refers to the shortest exposure time that the system can produce

A

Minimum Response Time

31
Q

Minimum response time usually is ____ with AEC systems than with other types of radiographic timers

A

longer

32
Q

If the minimum response time is longer than the amount of time needed to terminate the exposure, an _____ amount of radiation reaches the image receptor

A

increased

33
Q

Refers to the maximum length of the time the x-ray exposure continues when using an AEC system

A

Backup Time

34
Q

acts as safety mechanism when AEC System fails or equipment is not used properly

A

Backup Time

35
Q

Protects the patient from unnecessary exposure and protects the x-ray tube from reaching or exceeding its heat-loading capacity

A

Backup Time

36
Q

If the back-up time is controlled automatically, it should terminate at a maximum of ___ mAs

A

600 mAs

37
Q

When in AEC mode, the electronic timer should be set to ___ times the expected exposure time as back-up timer in case the AEC fails

A

1.5 times

38
Q

Backup time should be at _____ of the expected exposure time. This allows the properly used AEC system to appropriately terminate the exposure, but protects the patient and tube from excessive exposure if a problem occurs

A

150% to 200%

39
Q

To _____ patient exposure, the backup time should be neither too long or too short

A

minimize

40
Q

The combination of _____ affect the amount of exposure reaching the image receptor

A

detectors

41
Q

If the area of radiographic interest is not directly over the selected detectors, that area probably will be

A

over-or underexposed

42
Q

When performing any radiographic study in which the image receptor is located outside of the Bucky, the ____ should be deactivated and a manual technique used

A

AEC system

43
Q

Accurate centering of the area of interest over the detectors is ____ to ensure proper exposure to the image receptor

A

critical

44
Q

If the area of interest is not properly centered to the image receptor, ______ may occur

A

over-or underexposure

45
Q

The ___ of the detectors used within an AEC system is fixed and cannot be adjusted

A

size

46
Q

If the detector combination is larger than the area of interest, a ____ exposure technique should be used

A

manual

47
Q

____ factors affect the time the exposure takes to reach the image receptor and ultimately affect image quality

A

Patient

48
Q

Variations in patient _____ result in changes in the time of exposure accordingly if AEC system is functioning properly

A

thickness

49
Q

Pathologic conditions, contrast media, foreign objects, or pockets of gas are ______ that may affect the proper exposure to the IR and ultimately image quality

A

patient variations

50
Q

Excessive or insufficient _____ may affect the amount of exposure reaching the image receptor

A

collimation

51
Q

Insufficient collimation may result in excessive ____ reaching the detectors, resulting in the exposure time terminating too quickly

A

scatter

52
Q

Excessive collimation may result in an exposure time that is too ___

A

long

53
Q

is calibrated to the type and speed of the IR used

A

AEC System

54
Q

If an image receptor of a different type or speed is used, the detectors will not sense the difference, the exposure time will terminate at the preset value, and image quality may be _____

A

jeopardized

55
Q

Refers to a radiographic system that allows the radiographer to select a particular button on the control panel that represents an anatomic area; a pre-programmed set of exposure factors can be selected

A

Anatomically Programmed Radiography (APR)

56
Q

are not related in their function

A

APR and AEC

57
Q

The purpose of ______ is to ensure that consistent and appropriate exposures to the image receptor are produced

A

calibration

58
Q

Failure to maintain regular _____ of the unit results in the lack of consistent and reproducible exposures to the detectors and could affect image quality

A

calibration

59
Q

is important in monitoring the performance of the AEC system

A

Quality Control

60
Q

Optical densities should be within ____ and reproducibility of the exposures for a given set of exposure factors and selected detector should result in mR readings within __ and optical densities within ____

A

+/- 0.2,
5%,
+/- 0.10

RT 209 (11 decks)

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