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RT 209 > 2. Electricity > Flashcards

2. Electricity Flashcards

1
Q

the study of stationary electric charges

A

Electrostatics

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2
Q

the study of electric charges in motion

A

Electrodynamics

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3
Q

can be created by contact, friction, or induction

A

Electrification

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4
Q

is due to the movement of negative electric charge

A

Electrification

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5
Q

the smallest unit of electric charge is the _____

A

electron

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6
Q

the fundamental unit of electric charge is _____

A

coulomb (C)

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7
Q

1 C = ____ electron charges

A

6.3x10^18 electron charges

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8
Q

unlike charges attract; like charges repel

A

Electrostatic Laws

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9
Q

The electrostatic force is directly proportional to the product of the electrostatic charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them

A

Coulombs’ Law

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10
Q

Unit of Force

A

N (Newton)

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11
Q

Unit of Charges

A

Coulomb (C)

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12
Q

Electric Potential is sometimes called

A

voltage

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13
Q

the unit of electrical potential is the

A

volt (V)

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14
Q

is potential energy/ unit of charge, or a joule/coulomb (J/C)

A

volt

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15
Q

flow of electrons in conductor (Electricity)

A

Electric Current

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16
Q

measured in amperes (A)

A

Electric Current

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17
Q

is proportional to the number of electrons flowing in the electric circuit

A

ampere

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18
Q

is equal to an electric charge of 1 C flowing through a conductor each second

A

one ampere,

1 A = 1 C/s

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19
Q

2 TYPES OF CURRENT

A
  • DC

- AC

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20
Q

Electrons flowing only in one direction

A

DC

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21
Q

Electrons flowing alternately in opposite direction

A

AC

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22
Q

is measure in ohms (Ω)

A

Electric resistance

23
Q

is a passive two terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element

A

Resistor

24
Q

in electronics circuits, it is often used to limit current flow, to adjust signal levels, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines among other uses

A

Resistor

25
Q

is any substance through which electrons flows easily

A

Conductors

26
Q

Copper (Cu), Aluminum (Al), water

A

Conductors

27
Q

is any material that does not allow electron flow

A

Insulators

28
Q

glass, clay other earthlike material, rubber

A

Insulators

29
Q

is a material that under some conditions behave as an insulator and in other conditions behaves as a conductor

A

Semiconductors

30
Q

In ______ , _______ demonstrated semi conduction

A

1946,

William Shockley

31
Q

Silicon (Si) - 14, Germanium (Ge) - 32

A

Semiconductors

32
Q

is the property of some materials to exhibit no resistance below a critical temperature (Tc)

A

Superconductivity

33
Q

Niobium (41), Titanium (22)

A

Superconductivity

34
Q

Superconductivity Discovered in _____, commercially available in _____

A

1911,

1960s

35
Q

when the resistance is controlled and the conductor is made into a closed path, the result is an

A

Electric Current

36
Q

the voltage across the total circuit or any portion of the circuit is equal to the current times the resistance

A

Ohm’s Law

37
Q

Ohm’s Law

A

V = IR

38
Q

all circuit elements are connected in a line along the same conductor

A

Series circuit

39
Q

contains elements that are connected at their ends rather than lie in a line along a conductor

A

Parallel circuit

40
Q

RULES FOR SERIES CIRCUITS

A
  1. The total resistance is equal to the sum of the individual resistances (RT = R1 + R2 + R3)
  2. The current through each circuit elements is the same and is equal to the total circuit current voltage (IT = I1 = I2 = I3)
  3. The sum of the voltages across each circuit element is equal to the total circuit voltage (VT = V1 + V2 + V3)
41
Q

RULES FOR PARALLEL CIRCUITS

A
  1. The sum of the currents through each circuit element is equal to the total circuit current (IT = I1 + I2 + I3)
  2. The voltage across each circuit element is the same and is equal to the total circuit voltage (VT = V1 = V2 = V3)
  3. The total resistance is the inverse of the sum of the reciprocals of each individual resistance (1/RT = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3)
42
Q

is measured in watts (W)

A

Electric Power

43
Q

is equal to 1 A current flowing through an electric potential of 1 V

A

one watt,

1 W = 1 A + 1 V

44
Q

in an electric power system, is any abnormal electric current

A

Electric Fault (Fault or Fault Current)

45
Q

is any failure that allows unintended connection of power circuit conductors with the earth

A

Ground Fault (Earth Fault)

46
Q

provides an alternate path for electricity to follow, rather than going through a person

A

Electrical Grounding

47
Q

happens when current passes through the body

A

Electrical Shock

48
Q

refers to the injury or lethal dose of electrical energy

A

Electrocution

49
Q

Electrical fires may be caused by excessive resistance that generates heat from any of the following:

A
  • Too much current running through wiring where overcurrent protection fails or does not exist
  • Faulty electrical outlets resulting in poor contact or arcing
  • Poor wiring connections and old wiring that is damaged and cannot support the load
50
Q

can occur when electricity ignites a flammable gas or combustible dust mixture in the air. Ignition from a short circuit or static charge is possible

A

Explosion

51
Q

is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current from an overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to interrupt current flow after a fault is detected

A

Circuit breaker

52
Q

a device that shuts off power instantly if there is a problem

A

Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GCFI)

53
Q

GFCI

A

Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter

54
Q

Its basic function is to interrupt current flow after a fault is detected

A

Circuit breaker

RT 209 (11 decks)

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