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CPT > 9. Opioids > Flashcards

9. Opioids Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the endogenous opioids?

A

Enkephalins
Endorphins
Dynorphins

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2
Q

Where are MOP receptors found?

A

Brainstem and thalamus predominantly

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3
Q

What are MOP receptors responsible for?

A

Therapeutic and adverse effects

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4
Q

Where are the main therapeutic effects of opioids via?

A

μ-receptors

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5
Q

What are the actions of morphine?

A

Analgesia

Euphoria

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6
Q

What are the side effects of morphine?

A 
Respiratory depression 
Emesis
GI tract - constipation
CVS
Miosis
Histamine release - caution in asthmatics
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7
Q

What are the actions of fentanyl?

A

Analgesia

Anaesthetic

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8
Q

What are the side effects of fentanyl?

A

Respiratory depression
Constipation
Vomiting
However less histamine release, sedation and constipation than morphine

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9
Q

What are the actions of codeine?

A

Mild-moderate analgesia

Cough depressant

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10
Q

What are the side effects of codeine?

A

Constipation

Respiratory depression - worse in children

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11
Q

What class of drug is buprenorphin?

A

Mixed agonist-antagonist

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12
Q

What class of drug is codeine?

A

Moderate agonist

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13
Q

What are the actions of buprenorphine?

A

Moderate to severe pain

Opioid addiction treatment

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14
Q

What are the side effects of buprenorphine?

A

Respiratory depression
Low BP
Nausea
Dizziness

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15
Q

What is the action of naloxone?

A

Competitive antagonism of opioid

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16
Q

What is the most common cause of death in overdose?

A

Respiratory depression

17
Q

Who should not be on long term opioids?

A 
Manual labourers/drivers
Elderly
Bedbound
Asthmatics
Biliary tract obstruction
Respiratory diseases
Renal impairment
Pregnancy
18
Q

What are the contraindications for opioids?

A 
Hepatic failure
Acute respiratory distress
Comatose
Head injuries
Raised ICP

CPT (30 decks)

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