10. GI Pharmacology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the role of alginates and antacids?

A

Buffering stomach acids - antacids

Increase stomach content viscosity an reduce reflux - alginic acid

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2
Q

Give an example of antacid

A

Gaviscon

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3
Q

What are the ADR of alginates and antacids?

A

Magnesium salts can cause diarrhoea and aluminium salts can cause constipation

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4
Q

What are the contraindications of alginates and antacids?

A

Na+ and K+ containing preparations should be used with caution in renal failure
High sucrose in some preparations so hyperglycaemia risk in DM

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5
Q

What are the DDI with alginates and antacids?

A

Can reduce absorption of many drugs so doses should be separated
Increased urine alkalinity can increase aspirin excretion

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6
Q

How do PPI work?

A

Irreversible inhibit the H+/K+ ATPase in gastric parietal cells
Significant reduction in acid secretion

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7
Q

Name two PPI

A

Lansoprazole

Omeprazole

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8
Q

What a re the ADR of PPI?

A

GI disturbance - abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhoea
Headache, dizziness
Drowsiness/confusion

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9
Q

What are the contraindications of PPI?

A

Mask symptoms of gastro-oesophageal cancer

Osteoporosis - fracture risk

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10
Q

What are the DDI of PPI?

A

Omeprazole CYP inhibitor - reduced clopidogrel action

PPIs can increase effects off warfarin and phenytoin

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11
Q

Name a histamine (H2) receptor antagonist

A

Ranitidine

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12
Q

How do H2 receptor antagonists work?

A

Inhibition of H2 receptors - local histamine release continues to proton pump activation

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13
Q

What are the ADR of H2 receptor antagonists?

A

Generally well tolerated

Diarrhoea, headache

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14
Q

What are the contraindications of H2 receptor antagonists?

A

Mask systems off gastro-oesophageal cancer, renal impairment

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15
Q

What treatment is given in H. Pylori?

A

Lansoprazole + clarithromycin + amoxicillin
Or
Lansoprazole + clarithromycin + metronidazole (where allergic to amoxicillin)

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16
Q

What is the first line treatment in UC?

A

Aminocalicylates - mesalazine

17
Q

What are the ADR of aminosalicylates?

A

GI disturbance - nausea, dyspepsia

Leukopenia - rare

18
Q

What are the ADR with aminosalicylates?

A

Similar hypersensitivity to aspirin

19
Q

What are the DDI of aminosalicylates?

A

Enteric coated tablets may breakdown quicker in presence of PPI