Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ENRE > 9. Follicular Development and Female Reproductive Tract (Dennis) > Flashcards

9. Follicular Development and Female Reproductive Tract (Dennis) Flashcards

1
Q

What sort of epithelium is the ovarian surface epithelium?

A

Simple squamous to low cuboidal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is contained within the ovarian cortex?

A

Connective tissue and follicles with primary oocytes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is found within the medulla of the ovaries?

A

Connective tissue, interstitial cells, neurovasculature, and lymphatics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is the theca interna and externa located?

A

Outside the basement membrane of the secondary follicle and onwards.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of the theca interna?

A

The theca interna is vascularized, supports the granulosa, and produces androstenedione which is then converted into estradiol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What feature is necessary for determination of a primary follicle?

A

Cuboidal granulosa cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What feature is necessary for the determination of the secondary follicle?

A

Call-Exner bodies, which join together to form the antrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

From where is the follicular fluid found in the antrum derived?

A

From the blood vessels of the theca interna, reaching the antrum by osmotic gradient.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Identify the blanked out regions.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does the released gamete escape from the mature follicle?

A

Proteolytic actions of the theca externa and the tunica albuginea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What repairs the damage to the ovarian surface epithelium after gamete release?

A

The theca interna and the mural granulosa cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe luteinization.

A

Residual mural granulosa cells fold in on themselves and become a part of the corpus luteum.

The basal lamina of the follicle degenerates.

Blood vessels invade the empty antrum of the residual follicle and form the corpus hemorrhagicum.

The mural granulosa cells become granulosa lutein cells.

The theca interna cells become thecal lutein cells.

The structures then signal endometrial changes that support implantation and continuance of the pregnancy before the placenta is created.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the respective roles of the granulosa lutein cells and the theca lutein cells in luteinization?

A

The granulosa lutein cells secrete progesterone and estrogen with FSH/LH stimulation. They also express LH receptors, which is essential.

The theca lutein cells produce progesterone and androstenedione with LH stimulation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum in the event of fertilization, and in the absence of fertilization?

A

If fertilization occurs, hCG signals the corpus luteum to continue producing progesterone and estrogen.

If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum will wait fourteen days before involuting, and then will become the corpus albicans – stromal connective tissue that has replaced degenerating luteal cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which important mechanism that we studied is apoptotic?

A

Follicular atresia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the four regions of the oviduct in the order that an egg passes through them?

A

Proximal infundibulum with fimbrae.

Ampulla.

Isthmus.

Intramural/intrauterine portion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which regions of the oviduct are lined by mucosal folds that project into the lumen?

A

The ampulla and the isthmus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What sort of epithelium to be expect to find in the wall of the oviduct?

A

Simple columnar epithelium.

(With or without cilia depending upon the presence of estrogen and progesterone.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What hormone, secreted during folliculogenesis, stimulates the epithelial cells of the wall of the oviduct to become taller and ciliated?

A

Estrogen.

20
Q

What happens to the epithelium of the wall of the oviduct in response to progesterone?

A

The simple columnar epithelium become shorter and less ciliated.

21
Q

What stimulates non-ciliated secretory cells (peg cells) tube secrete nutrients?

A

Estrogen (release during folliculogenesis).

22
Q

Which layer of the uterus is lost during menstruation?

A

The functional layer of the endometrium.

23
Q

What is unique about the muscle fibers in the myometrium?

A

They can be longitudinally or obliquely arranged in a disorganized manner.

24
Q

The straight and coiled segments, which supply the two layers of the endometrium, come off of what arteries?

A

The arcuate arteries.

25
Q

What is the function of the uterine glands?

A

Supplies nutrients to the developing embryo if implantation occurs.

26
Q

What are the timing and characteristics of the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?

What hormone stimulates this phase?

A

During days 5 to 14, the uterine glands proliferate and cover the surface of the endometrium, spiral arteries elongate and become convoluted – extending from the basal layer into the functional layer.

The proliferative phase is estrogen-dependent.

27
Q

What are the timing and characteristics of the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

During days 15-28, the uterine glands become convoluted and take on a saw tooth appearance, the endometrium reaches its maximal thickness, spiral arteries continue to grow and extend into the functional layer, and we have considerable leukocyte infiltration into the stroma.

The secretory phase is stimulated by estrogen and progesterone.

28
Q

What is the function of the decidual cells?

A

They respond to increased progesterone levels to provide an immuno-protective environment for the embryo.

Mediates the syncytiotrophoblast cells.

29
Q

What are the characteristics of the endocervix?

A

Simple columnar epithelial cells on a folded mucosa with deep crypts.

30
Q

What are nabothian cysts?

A

Occluded and dilated cervical crypts.

Nabothian cysts can be used to identify the endocervix.

31
Q

What is the epithelium of the ectocervix?

A

Simple squamous epithelium.

32
Q

What are the hallmarks for the identification of the vagina histologically?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium.

Absence of glands.

33
Q

What are the differences in the histology of the vagina during ovulation and after ovulation?

A

Ovulation – mediated by estrogen – the stratified epithelium is fully differentiated and thicker. Acidophilic squamous cells can be seen.

After ovulation – mediated by progesterone – squamous cell thickness decreases, but basophilic polygonal cells and neutrophils/lymphocytes increase

34
Q

What covers the ovaries?

A

ovarian surface epithelium = simple squamous to low cuboidal

dense CT below it = tunica albuginea

35
Q

What does the ovarian surface epithelium form?

A

granulosa cells and stromal cells

36
Q

What is the corpus albicans?

A

remnant of corpus luteum

scar of connective tissue

mostly collagen 1 w/ few fibroblasts or other cells

looks white on histology

37
Q

What is the glassy membrane?

A

thick folded basement membrane of a degenerating follicle

thick folded zona pellucida and apoptotic frangmented oocyte

38
Q

What happens to the walls of the oviduct during folliculogenesis?

Luteolysis?

A

ciliated cells enlarge, grow in height, and produce cilia bc of increased estrogen

lose cilia and decrease in height during luteolysis bc of increased progesterone

39
Q

What does the uterus look like during the proliferative phase?

A

glands proliferate and cover surface

spiral arteries elongate and become convoluted

extend from basal into fxnal layer

estrogen-dependent

*less endo than secretory, lumen of glands looks bigger

40
Q

What does the uterus look like during the secretory phase?

A

glands convoluted - saw-tooth appearance

endo max thickness

considerable leukocyte infiltration

*endo is very thick, sawtooth glands distinguish

41
Q

What does the uterus look like during menstruation?

A

endo is ischemic -can see it kind of flaking off, large holes

42
Q

What do you see at the cervical transformation zone?

A

abrupt change from endocervix to ectocervix

chg from simple columnar –> stratified squamous

43
Q

What does the labia majora histo look like?

A

pigmented skin

hair follicles

apocrine and sebaceous glands

44
Q

What does the labia minora histo look like?

A

pigmented skin w/ abundant blood vessels, elastic fibers, sebaceous glands

45
Q

How do you tell the granulosa lutein and the theca lutein apart?

A

granulosa = larger, fat cells w/ nuclei farther apart

theca = nuclei are closer togeter, elongated cells

46
Q

What is the hallmark of the vagina?

Is there serosa or adventitia

A

no glands

adventitia

47
Q

Where is ovarian stroma and what does it become?

A

cells around primary follicles –> become theca cells

ENRE (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions