9) Endocrine Infertility Flashcards
Summarise the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis in males:
1) GnRH secreted from hypothalamus
2) FSH/LH from pituitary gland
3) Testosterone + inhibin from testes (-ve feedback)
Summarise the hypothalmis pituitary gonadal axis in females:
1) GnRH secreted from hypothalamus
2) FSH/LH from pituitary gland
3) Oestrogen + progesterone from ovaries (-ve feedback)
What are the 3 phases in the 28 day menustrual day cycle?
Follicular phase
Midcycle
Luteal phase
Define infertility:
Inability to conceive after a year of regular unprotected sex
What % of infertility is due to males vs females?
Males=30%
Females=45%
How many couples experience infertility?
1/6
What is primary gonadal failure?
Testes/ovaries (endocrine glands) fail so no testosterone/oestrogen produced
-FSH/LH levels are high as no -ve feedback
What is secondary gonadal failure?
Pituitary disease-no LH/FSH produced so also no testosterone/oestrogen
What happens in male hypogonadism?
No testosterone
Clinical features of hypogonadism:
Loss of libido
Impotence
Small testes
Decrease muscle bulk
4 possible causes of male hypogonadism:
1) primary gonadal failure
2) pituitary disease
3) hyperprolactinaemia
4) androgen receptor deficiency
How is male hypogonadism treated?
1) testosterone
2) testosterone + FSH/LH for fertility
3) dopamine agonists if caused by hyperprolactinaemia
4 functions of testosterone:
Secondary sexual characteristic
Male genital tract development
Maintains fertility
Anabolic effect-muscle + bone
2 possible products testosterone could become:
DHT
Oestrogen
3 disorders caused by female hypogonadism:
Amenorrhoea
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Hyperprolactinaemia
