17) Microvascular complications Flashcards
Why do microvascular complications develop later in T2D than T1D?
T2D develops later
3 types of microvascular complications:
Retinopathy
Nephropathy
Neuropathy-blood vessels supplying nerves
What 4 things affect the severity of microvascular complications?
1) genetics
2) hypertension
3) severity of hyperglycaemia
4) hyperglycaemia memory
What is it about diabetes specifically that manages to cause microvascular complications?
hyperglycaemia–>cytokines–>inflammation
What is the main cause of visual loss in people of working age?
diabetic retinopathy
How does diabetic retinopathy develop?
hyperglycaemia–>retinal ischaemia–>vessel damage
What are the 3 stages of retinopathy?
Background retinopathy-hard exudates
Pre-proliferative-soft exudates
Proliferative
What is the difference between background retinopathy and maculopathy?
Maculopathy is the same but near macula
Required GRID not pan retinal photcoagulation
How can you stop pre-progressive retinopathy becoming progressive?
PAN retinal photocoagulation
2 clinical features of diabetic nephropathy?
Proteinuria
Hypertension
Key histological feature of diabetic nephropathy:
BM of glomerulus thickens
How can diabetic nephropathy be managed?
Stop smoking
Better BGC control
BP control
ACE inhibitors
Which nerves specifically tend to be affected by diabetic neuropathy?
Vaso nervorum-small vessels supplying nerves
What is the most common type of neuropathy?
Peripheral
