16) T2D Flashcards
What is MODY?
Maturity onset diabetes of the young
What is T2D?
chronic hyperglycaemia sufficient to cause tissue damage (insulin resistance leading to insulin deficiency)
What is the fasting glucose threshold for diabetes diagnosis?
7+
Is T1D or T2D affected more by genetics?
T2D
Factors that increase risk of developing T1D:
Low birth weight
intrauterine environment
microbiota
diet/excercise
What happens to insulin secretion and resistance with age?
Insulin secretion decreases
Insulin resistance increases
Eventually reach an age where insulin secretion is too low to match insulin resistance
What is T2D a complex interaction between and what is eventually required?
Complex interaction between lack of insulin and insulin not working properly
Eventually become insulin deficient (insulin req)
What 2 things make up hepatic glucose output?
glycogenolysis + gluconeogenesis
What type of obesity is most relevant to T2D?
Centropetal - omental adipocytes are most active
4 ways T2D may present:
Osmotic symptoms
Infection
screening
complications
What are 3 possible microvascular vs macrovascular complications of T2D?
Microvascular:
- retinopathy
- neuropathy
- nephropathy
Macrovascular: (bigger vessels)
- IHD
- stenosis
- PVD
What is the incretin effect?
More insulin is secreted when glucose is given orally rather than IV (due to gut hormones-GLP-1)
How is T2D managed?
Education
Diet/excercise
Drugs
screening
How do Beta cells work?
Glucose enters + is metabolised to ATP
ATP blocks ATP sensitive K+ channels so K+ builds up=depolarisation–>Ca2+ influx–>insulin secreted
