15) T1D Flashcards
What type of disease is T1D?
Autoimmune-auto-antibodies destroy beta cells
Which sorts of people get T1D?
Young and lean
What is the exception to young and lean people getting T1D?
LADA-latent autoimmune diabetes in adults
What causes T1D?
Genetic predisposition
Environmental trigger
How does T1D lead to hyperglycaemia?
Insulin deficiency=hyperglycaemia
What commonly causes T2D and how does it lead to hyperglycaemia?
Genetic predisposition + obesity–>insulin resitance–>hyperglycaemia
What is the period before T1D fully develops caused and what type of disease is it?
Prediabetes-glucose levels are elevated but some insulin still being produced
Relapsing-remitting
Which type of diabetes has a faster onset?
T1D
How are insulin levels measured?
C-peptide
What does having T1D increase your chance of developing?
Other autoimmune conditions
5 symptoms of T1D and 5 signs of T1D:
Symptoms fatigue weight loss polyuria polydipsia nocturia
signs smell of ketones cachexia dehydration glycosuria ketonuria
What happens to glucose and the 3 organs important for glucose regulation when there is no insulin i.e. T1D?
Glucose excreted from liver can’t be taken up into muscle so stays in circulation
Muscles must breakdown proteins to create aa’s for gluconeogenesis in the liver
Adipose tissue must breakdown to produce glycerol + fatty acids for gluconeogenesis in liver
Fatty acids are converted to ketone bodies in liver
What are 2 biochemical signs of T1D?
Low C-peptide
High autoantibodies
How do we actually diagnose T1D?
High BGC with ketone bodies in blood/urine
-shouldn’t be requiring ketones
Are ketone bodies always abnormal?
No we all produce them if we’ve fasted
