9: Disturbances in the metabolism of the pigments. Classification. Accumulation of exogenous pigments

Question 1

What are Pigments?

Answer 1

Coloured Substances

Where some parts of cell are Normal

Some are Abnormal + Collect in cells under specific circumstances

Question 2

What are Pigments Classified into?

Answer 2

1. Endogenous Pigments = Normal Constituents of Cells

2. Exogenous Pigments = Introduced into Body from Environment

Question 3

1| What are Endogenous Pigments Classified into?

Answer 3

a. Hemoglobinogenic Pigments
b. Proteinogenic
c. Lipidogenic

Question 4

1| What is the Cause of Pigments from Hemoproteins?

Answer 4

DUE to Physiologic Destruction of Erythrocytes

Question 5

1| What are the Physiological + Pathological Forms of the Endogenous Pigments?

Answer 5

a. Ferritin (Physiological); Hematoidin (Pathological)
b. Hemosiderin (Physiological); Hematin (Pathological(
c. Bilirubin (Physiological); Porphyrin (Pathological)

Question 6

1a| What is the Comparison of the Physiological + Pathological Hemoglobinogenic Pigments?

Answer 6

Ferritin (Physiological) = Ferroproteide; Located in Liver / Spleen / BM / Lymph Nodes

Hematoidin (Pathological) = Iron-Free; Orange-Brown Crystal; Formed Extravascularly in Centre of Haemorrhages + In Foci of Necrosis

Question 7

1b| What is the Comparison of the Physiological + Pathological Proteinogenic Pigments?

Answer 7

Hemosiderin (Physiological) = Iron-Containing; Formed by Ferritin Aggregation; Golden-Yellow Pigment in Mononuclear Phagocytes of BM / Liver / Spleen

Hematin (Pathological) = Brown-Black; Derived from Hb

Question 8

1c| What is the Comparison of the Physiological + Pathological Lipidogenic Pigments?

Answer 8

Bilirubin (Physiological) = Iron-Free

Porphyrin (Pathological) = Precursor of Haem; Deposits in Blood + Urine

Question 9

2| What are Exogenous Pigments Classified into?

Answer 9

a. Inhaled Pigments
b. Ingested Pigments
c. Ingested Via Tattoo

Question 10

2a| What are Examples of Inhaled Pigments?

AND What do they Cause?

Answer 10

Carbon / Coal Dust

Silica

Asbestos

CAUSE Anthracosis = Deposition of C Particles

Question 11

2b| What are Ingested Pigments?

AND What do they Cause?

Answer 11

Chronic Ingestion of Metals

CAUSE:
(i) Chronic Lead Poisoning = Blue Lines on Teeth

(ii) Carotenemia = Yellow-Red Colouration of Skin

Question 12

2c| What are the Ingested Pigments from Tattoos?

AND What do they Cause?

Answer 12

India Ink

Cinnabar

Carbon

• ENTER the Dermis + Pigment is taken up by MFs, and lie PERMANENTLY in CT