9: Control Systems

Question 1

What is thermoregulation?

Answer 1

When the species adapts behavioural or physiological adaptations to enable them to live in harsh external conditions

Question 2

Why is temperature important to organisms?

Answer 2

Chemical regions are very sensitive to temperatures due to the tertiary structure of proteins and denature good occurring, which causes the enzymes to be unable to fit into the substrate and no chemical activities can take place in the body.

Question 3

How do animals warm themselves?

Answer 3

Respiration, conduction from surroundings, convection from surroundings, radiation from surroundings

Question 4

How do animals cool themselves?

Answer 4

Evaporation, convection to surroundings, conduction to surroundings, radiation to surroundings.

Question 5

What are endotherms?

Answer 5

Rely on own metabolic processes for warming and cooling.

Can cope with variety

Question 6

what are ectotherms?

Answer 6

Rely on the environment: behavioural and structural modifications.

Question 7

What do humans do for cooling and warming?

Answer 7

Clothes, swimming pools, radiators , fires, houses etc

Question 8

what is the skins role in cooling?

Answer 8

Water evaporates form the surface. Large surface areas. Waterproof layer. Prevents overheating by rich supply of capillaries which vasodilation causes to be closer to the surface of the skin. Arteriovenous shunt closes to enable this. Skin looks flushed as this happens. Hair lies flat to trap air and sweat glands increase production of sweat

Question 9

What is the skins role for warming?

Answer 9

Insulator fat. Opposite of cooling effects. Capillaries deeper in the ski, hairs stand on end for insulating layer of air. Shivering due to muscle contractions to generate energy. Sweat production is reduced.