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Cardiovascular System > 9. Control Of BP > Flashcards

9. Control Of BP Flashcards

1
Q

HOW IS SHORT TERM/ACUTE REGULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE ACHIEVED ?

A

VIA BARORECEPTORS SENDING SIGNALS TO MEDULLA OBLONGATA.

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2
Q

HOW ARE MEDIUM/LONGER CONTROL OF BP ACHEIVED?

LIST THEM..

A

NEUROHUMORAL RESPONSES

  1. RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM
  2. SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
  3. ADH
  4. ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE
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3
Q

Where is renin released?

A

Granular cells of juxtaglomerular apparatus of kidneys

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4
Q

What are 3 things that cause renin release?

A
  1. Decreased nacl delivery to macula densa
  2. Sympathetic stimulation to juxtaglomerular apparatus
  3. Decreased renal perfusion pressure
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5
Q

What does ACE do in the lungs?

A

Break down bradykinin

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6
Q

What is bradykinin ?

A

Vasodilator

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7
Q

What effect does angiotensin II have on blood vessels?

A

Vasoconstriction

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8
Q

What effect does angiotensin II have on kidney?

A

Increased na+ reabsorption

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9
Q

What effect does angiotensin II have on the sympathetic NS?

A

Increased release of NA

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10
Q

What effect does angiotensin II have on the adrenal cortex?

A

Increase release of aldosterone

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11
Q

What effect does angiotensin II have on the hypothalamus?

A

Increase thirst

Increase ADH release

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12
Q

What type of receptor is angiotensin II receptor?

A

GPCR

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13
Q

Where is aldosterone released from?

A

Adrenal cortex

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14
Q

Where does aldosterone mainly act?

What does it do?

A

Collecting ducts

Stimulate na+ absorption

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15
Q

What is the main side effect of ACE inhibitors ?

A

Dry cough

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16
Q

Name some ace inhibitors

A 
Ramipril 
Captopril
Lisinopril
Perindopril
Enalapril
17
Q

What stimulates ADH release?

A
  • severe hypovolaemia

- Increased plasma osmolarity

18
Q

Where does reabsorption of na+ via ADH occur?

A

Ascending limb

19
Q

What is another name for ADH ?

A

arginine vasopressin

20
Q

Where are atrial natriuretic peptide stored and synthesised?

A

Atrial myocytes

21
Q

Do Atrial natriuretic peptides reduce bp or increase bp?

A

Reduce bp

22
Q

How does atrial natriuretic peptides effect na+ reabsorption?

A

Decreases na+ reabsorption

23
Q

What effect do dopamine and prostaglandins have on vessels and na+ reabsorption ?

A

Vasodilation

Decrease sodium reabsorption

24
Q

What is primary hypertension?

A

Hypertension with no known cause

25
Q

What is secondary hypertension ?

A

Hypertension that is secondary to an underlying condition

26
Q

What is essential hypertension ?

A

Same as primary

Hypertension with no known cause

27
Q

What is renal parenchymal disease ?

A

Chronic kidney disease reducing glomerular filtration rate.

28
Q

What is conns syndrome ?

A

Benign Aldosterone secreting adenoma

29
Q

What are 2 clinical features seen in conns syndrome?

A

Hypertension

Hypokalaemia

30
Q

What is Cushing’s syndrome ?

A

Increased secretion of cortisol

31
Q

What is a phaeochromocytoma?

What does it do?

A

Tumour originating in chromaffin cells in adrenal medulla.

Secretes catacholamines

32
Q

Give 2 examples of catacholamines

A

Noradrenaline and adrenaline.

33
Q

Which drugs target the RAA system?

A
  • ace inhibitors

- Angiotensin II antagonists

34
Q

Which drugs can be used as vasodilators?

A
  • calcium channel blockers

- a1 antagonists

35
Q

What is a side effect of vasodilators ?

A

Postural hypertension

36
Q

How does spironolactone work?

A

Aldosterone antagonist

Diuretic

37
Q

What type of drug is thiazide ?

Where does it work in the kidney?

A

Diuretic

Distil tubule

38
Q

How do beta blockers reduce hypertension ?

A
  • block sympathetic system

= vasodilation

Cardiovascular System (9 decks)

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