8. Autonomic Control Of The CVS

Question 1

IS THE ANS voluntary or involuntary ?

Answer 1

Involuntary

Question 2

What are the 3 divisions of the ANS

Answer 2

1. Parasympathetic
2. Sympathetic
3. Enteric

Question 3

What is the purpose of the ANS?

Answer 3

To maintain homeostasis

Question 4

What are the receptors involved in sympathetic and parasympathetic control of the pupil?

Answer 4

A1

M3

Question 5

What are the receptors involved in sympathetic and parasympathetic control of the AIRWAYS?

Answer 5

B2

M3

Question 6

What are the receptors involved in sympathetic and parasympathetic control of the heart?

Answer 6

B1

M2

Question 7

What are the receptors involved in sympathetic and parasympathetic control of the sweat glands?

Answer 7

Sympathetic : M3

No parasympathetic innovation

Question 8

In sympathetic innovation what happens to the airways of the lungs?

Answer 8

Relaxation

Question 9

Which areas in the heart does the parasympathetic system innovate ?

Answer 9

AV NODE

SA NODE

Question 10

WHICH AREA IN THE HEART DOES THE SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM INNOVATE ?

Answer 10

AV NODE
SA NODE
MYOCARDIUM

Question 11

WHERE ARE BARORECEPTORS FOUND ?

Answer 11

Arch of the aorta

Carotid sinus in internal carotid artery

Question 12

What is the efferent innovation from the medulla oblongata ?

Answer 12

Ans

Question 13

Where does the afferent innervation to the medulla oblongata come from ?

Answer 13

Baroreceptors

Question 14

Where does the sympathetic system originate from the spinal cord?

Answer 14

Thoracic-lumbar

Question 15

Where does the parasympathetic system come from in the spinal cord?

Answer 15

Cranial-sacral

Question 16

What can increase stimulation of the HCN channels?

Answer 16

• hyperpolarisation

- cAMP

Question 17

What are the subunits of activated M2 GPCR ?

How do the M2 GPCR subunits act on the SA node ?

Answer 17

M2 activation subunits = ai & bg
Ai = reduced ac = reduced camp = reduced activation of HCN channels = slower pacemaker potential = reduced heart rate

Bg = increases k+ conductance = increase hyperpolarisation = further away from threshold = slower APs = reduced heart rate

Question 18

Coronary, skeletal & liver vasculature have which types of receptors ?

Answer 18

A1

B2

Question 19

Where are baroreceptors located ?

Answer 19

• carotid sinus in internal carotid artery

- arch of the aorta

Question 20

What effect do b2 receptor activation have on vessels?

Answer 20

Vasodilation

Question 21

Which metabolites cause vasodilation ?

Answer 21

Adenosine, k+, h+, increased pco2

Question 22

Where is the cardiovascular control system found?

Answer 22

Medulla oblongata

Question 23

Baroreceptors in the arch of the aorta send afferent signals via which nerve ?

Answer 23

Vagus

Question 24

Baroreceptors in the carotid sinus send afferent signals via which nerve ?

Answer 24

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 25

What group of drugs are
Adrenaline
Dobutamine
Salbutamol

Answer 25

Sympathomimetics

Question 26

How does salbutamol work?

Answer 26

Beta 2 agonist

Question 27

How does dobutamine work?

Answer 27

Beta 1 agonist

Question 28

When can dobutamine be used ?

Answer 28

Cardiogenic shock.

Question 29

How does prazosin work?

When can it be used ?

Answer 29

Alpha 1 antagonist

Resistant hypertension

Question 30

How does propranolol work ?

Answer 30

Non selective beta - adrenoreceptor antagonist (B1 & B2)

Question 31

HOW DOES ATENOLOL WORK ?

Answer 31

B1 SELECTIVE ANTAGONIST

Question 32

Which beta blocker may be suitable for someone with asthma?

Why ?

Answer 32

Atenolol

B1 selective antagonist
… so will not cause brochoconstriction via b2 receptors.