9. Building Resilience and Preventing Depression in Adolescence: The Resourceful Adolescent Program

Question 1

What is the single highest cause of diseases burden?

Answer 1

market economics neuropsychiatric disorders (1990 GBD study)

Question 2

what is the range of point prevalence?

Answer 2

0.3-0.4%

Question 3

what does 6 monthe prevalence range from?

Answer 3

2.5-13.4%

Question 4

what does lifetime prevalence in adolescence range from?

Answer 4

9.3-24%

Question 5

what percentage adolescents have some elevated symptoms of depression

Answer 5

30%

Question 6

at what ages does the likelihood of depression spike?

Answer 6

11 and 15 and from age 15 and onwards the levels rise continuously until they are 21

Question 7

what age and gender group is most likley to have higher rates of depression?

Answer 7

adult females

Question 8

what is the gender difference of the rate of depression in preadolescence?

Answer 8

no gender difference

Question 9

what gender has greater levels of depression in adolescents?

Answer 9

girls

Question 10

what are the risks associated with adolescent depression?

Answer 10

o	poor physical health
o	social deficits
o	suicidal ideation/behaviour
o	poor school outcomes
o	recurrent depressive episodes during adulthood
o	increased substance misuse
o	disrupted career trajectories
o	reduced life changes
o	often an outcome or co-morbid with trauma and negative life events

Question 11

what are the risks of subclinical depression?

Answer 11

o	Subsequent depressive disorders (e.g. Clark et al., 1995)
o	substance use
o	academic failure
o	drop out
o	teen pregnancy (Gillham et al., 2000)

Question 12

how many people receive appropriate treatment for their depression?

Answer 12

a quarter or less

Question 13

what factors does treatment and help for depression influence?

Answer 13

behaviour influenced by stigma, mental health literacy, availability and nature of services

Question 14

what is the current best treatment for depression?

Answer 14

none - there is no clear evidence on the best practice

Question 15

How effective is medication?

Answer 15

According to TADS, medication is useful but there is much concern about issues related to harm with SSRIs

Question 16

what determines responses to the environment?

Answer 16

Gene status. The environment switches genes on or off

Question 17

what biopychosocial factors influence depression?

Answer 17

• Genetics and Gene Environment Interactions
• Parent psychopathy
• Parent – adolescent conflict
• Interpersonal skills and difficulties
• negative life events
• cognitive and attribution styles
• gender and age
• Low SES
• Marginalisation and alienation
• bullying
• school connectedness
• prior depressive symptoms

Question 18

What are relationships vital for with regard to depression?

Answer 18

it is vital in the development and consequences of depression and the management of therapeutic interventions for adolescent depression

Question 19

How do the integrative CBT and IPT approaches help to build resilience an prevent depression?

Answer 19

By promoting positive coping skills and maintenance of a sense of self in face of stressful/difficult circumstances