9. Advances in CBT Flashcards
Transdiagnostic treatment
3 basic components
- Targeting antecedent cognitive appraisals
- Reducing and preventing avoidance of dysregulated emotions
- Encouraging actions that are inconsistent with disordered emotional states
Transdiagnostic treatment
Objective
- increase acceptance of experiencing strong emotion
- increase cognitive flexibility
- improve cognitive re-appraisals
- use emotion exposure to promote extinction and increase positive affect
- Reduce problematic avoidance
- Change action tendencies associated with disordered emotions
Transdiagnostic treatment
Core skills
- Mindful emotion awareness: non-judgemental, present focus
- Challenging automatic thoughts related to external/internal threats, increasing cognitive flexibility
- Identifying and modifying problematic tendencies or emotional behaviours
- Increase awareness and tolerance for physical sensations (interoceptive exposure)
- Engagement in emotion exercise (situational and internal contexts)
Process-based therapy
Procedures vs process
Procedures: techniques to achieve treatment goal
Process: underlying change mechanisms that lead to attainment of treatment goal
Why is minfulness effective
mechanisms and instruction
- Regulation of the attention- basic instruction
- Body awareness- focusing on inner experiences and sensations
- Regulation of emotions: reappraisal- non-judging
- Regulation of emotions: exposure, extinction and re-consolidation- exposition to what occurs in the present
- Changes in perspective of the self- non-attachment to a state of the self
Therapies based in Acceptance and Mindfulness:
- Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction
- Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy
- Dialectical Behavioural Therapy
- Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
- Mindfulness-based relapse prevention for addictive behaviour
What are compassion-based interventions?
Components?
Be sensitive to the suffering of oneself and others with a deep commitment to prevent and alleviate the suffering
4 components:
- conscious of suffering (cognitive)
- compassionate concern (affective)
- desire to see the relief (intentional)
- disposition to help (motivational)
Self-compassion:
Self-kindness vs self-judgement
Being warm and understanding toward ourselves when we suffer, fail or feel inadequate, rather than ignoring our pain or flagellating ourselves with self-criticism
Self-compassion:
Common humanity vs isolation
Is part of the shared human experience, recognizing that suffering and personal inadequacy
Self-compassion:
Mindfulness vs over-identification
Self-compassion also requires a balanced approach to our negative emotions so that feelings are neither suppressed nor exaggerated
Self-compassion
Three Motivation Systems (general)
Emotion regulation
Each of them have specific functions and need to work together to be in balance.
Distress is caused by the imbalance
Self-compassion
Three Motivation Systems
Compassion-Focused Therapy
Aims to help promote mental and emotional healing by encouraging people in treatment to be compassionate toward themselves and other people
Compassion both toward self and others is an emotional response believed to be essential to well-being.
Self-compassion
Three Motivation Systems
Incentive and Resource-Seeking System
- Function: motivate us toward incentive and resources to survive
- Hormone: dopamine
- Feelings: wanting, pursuing, achieving and consuming
Self-compassion
Three Motivation Systems
Threat and self-protection system
- Function: to pick up threats and self-protect
- Hormone: adrenaline and cortisol
- Feelings: anger, anxiety and disgust
Self-compassion
Three Motivation Systems
Soothing, caring and contentment system
- Function: to feel safe and content with the way things are
- Hormone: oxytocin
- Feelings: content, safe, connected, cared-for and trust
