11. Common factors to all therapies

Question 1

Client characteristics

Answer 1

• positive expectation / hope
• distressed
• actively seeks help

Question 2

Therapist qualities

Answer 2

• General good ones
• cultivates hope
• warmth/ positive regard
• empathetic understanding
• socially-sanctioned healer
• acceptance

Question 3

Change processes

Answer 3

• opportunity for catharsis
• acquisition and practice of new behaviours
• provision of rationale
• foster insight
• emotional and interpersonal learning
• feedback
• suggestion
• success and mastery experiences
• persuasion
• placebo effect
• identification with therapist
• contingency management
• tension reduction
• therapist modeling
• desensitization
• education

Question 4

Treatment structures

Answer 4

• use of techniques
• focus on “inner world”
• adherence to theory
• a healing setting
• interaction
• communication
• explanation of roles

Question 5

Relationship elements

Answer 5

• development of alliance
• engagement
• transference