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PTN Block 1, MUSC '13 > 9/4/13 > Flashcards

9/4/13 Flashcards

1
Q

Neurotransmitter at the ganglion

A

Acetylcholine (Nicotinic receptors)

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2
Q

Neurotransmitter at neuromuscular synapse

A

Acetylcholine (nicototinic receptors)

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3
Q

Neurotransmitter at sympathetic postganglion synapse

A

norepinephrine (alpha/beta receptors)–> except at sweat glands (acetylcholine, nicotinic receptors) and adrenal medulla (preganglionic, acetylcholine, nicotinic receptors)

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4
Q

Sympathetic fibers come from what regions

A

Thoracic and lumbar

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5
Q

Parasympathetic fibers come from which regions

A

Spinal, cranial

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6
Q

Pain and temperature are sensed by which type of afferents of the ANS

A

sympathetic

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7
Q

The parasympathic afferents sense what

A

mechano and chemosensory

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8
Q

Receptor that is usually excitatory

A

aplha 1

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9
Q

Receptor that increases heart rate and contractility and renin release

A

beta 1

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10
Q

Receptor that leads to smooth muscle relaxation

A

beta 2

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11
Q

receptor that mediates inhibition of andergenic responses

A

alpha 2

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12
Q

Sympathetic activation leads to (diffuse/discrete) because its postganglionic fibers are (short/long)

A

diffuse, long

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13
Q

parasympathetic activation leads to (diffuse/discrete) because its postganglionic fibers are (short/long)

A

discrete, short

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14
Q

the predominant tone in arterioles, veins, and sweat glands is (parasympathetic/ sympathetic)

A

sympathetic

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15
Q

Describe the process of how the heart responds to high MAP at the carotid sinus and aortic arch

A

aortic arch and carotid sinus send signals to the medulla–> medulla sends signals via vagus efferents to slow down heart rate

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16
Q

Describe the process of formation of epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

tyrosine hydroxlase acts on tyrosine–> DOPA decarboxylates to Dopamine–> dopamine enters vesicle via VMAT and reacts with DBH to form norepinephrine–> adrenal medulla PNMT converts it to epinephrine

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17
Q

What are the degradation products of epinephrine/norepinephrine and dopamine that can be measured in the urine

A

VMA, HVA

18
Q

degradation enzyme of the catecholamines found in the mitochondria

A

MAO

19
Q

degradation enzyme of the catecholamins found in the cytoplasm of effector cell

A

COMT

20
Q

Drugs that inhibit intraneuronal storage in vesicles, deplete NE

A

Resperine, Guanethidine

21
Q

Drug that substitutes for NE in storage vesicle, false transmitter

A

alpha-methyldopa

22
Q

Drugs that inhibit release of NE

A

Bretylium, Guanethidine

23
Q

Drug that release NE from vesicles

A

Amphetamine, ephedrine, tyramine

24
Q

Drugs that inhibit reuptake of NE in neuron

A

Imipramine, amitriptyline

25
Q

alpha 1 receptor works by this G-protein

A

Gq

26
Q

beta 1 and 2 receptors work by this G-protein

A

Gs

27
Q

alpha 2 receptor works by this G-protein

A

Gi (inhibits N-type and P-type calcium channels which are needed for neurotransmitter release)

28
Q

How do beta 1 receptors work in the heart

A

Gs–> adenylyl cyclcase converts ATP to cAMP–> cAMP activates PKA–> PKA leads to reactions that eventually lead to the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

29
Q

Dobutamine is an agonist for this receptor

A

beta 1

30
Q

metoporol is an antagonist for this receptor

A

beta 1

31
Q

terbutaline and albuterol are agonists for this receptor

A

beta 2

32
Q

Phenylephrine is an agonist for this receptor

A

alpha 1

33
Q

Prazosin is an antagonist for this receptor

A

alpha 1

34
Q

Clonidine is an agonist for this receptor

A

alpha 2

35
Q

Yohimbine is an agonist for this receptor

A

alpha 2

36
Q

Decreased aqueous humor production is a result of this receptor being activated

A

alpha 2

37
Q

Increased aqueous humor production is a result of this receptor being activated

A

beta 2

38
Q

Order of physiologic regulators for alpha 1 receptor

A

NE=E>DA» ISO

39
Q

Order of physiologic regulators for beta 1 receptor

A

ISO>E=NE>DA

40
Q

Order of physiologic regulators for alpha 2 receptor

A

NE>E»>ISO

41
Q

Order of physiologic regulators for beta 2 receptor

A

ISO>E»NE

PTN Block 1, MUSC '13 (6 decks)

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