9/26

Question 1

T or F: population growth is always constant

Answer 1

F: population growth is never constant

Question 2

What are two examples of human population growth decrease?

Answer 2

1. Great Leap Forward (China)
2. COVID-19 Pandemic (2020)

Question 3

Great Leap Forward (China)

Answer 3

Led to famine of 40 million people

Caused a rapid decrease in population

Question 4

What event in 2020 led to a drop in birth rates?

Answer 4

COVID-19 pandemic

Question 5

What is the HPG rate in Uganda as of 2024?

Answer 5

+ 2.8%/year

Question 6

What countries are showing slower population growth rates?

Answer 6

Italy, Japan, South Korea, Singapore

Question 7

What is the HPG rate of Japan as of 2024?

Answer 7

-0.5%/year

Question 8

Why is Japan’s population shrinking?

Answer 8

Japanese are not having enough children

Question 9

What were the population controls 2,000 years ago?

Answer 9

1. Available resources/food shortage
2. Disease (e.g., typhus, dysentery, pneumonia, leprosy, plague, cholera, etc.)
3. Conflict

Question 10

Why did the Akkadian Empire collapse in 2,100 BC?

Answer 10

Typhoid fever and plague

Question 12

Why was there a 40% decline in Western Europe during 660-1350?

Answer 12

Black plague

Question 13

What was the infant mortality rate in England in 1830?

Answer 13

250 infants deaths per 1,000 births

Question 14

What led to increase in life expectancy and decrease in infant mortality rate?

Answer 14

Better sanitation, medicine, nutrition

Question 15

What was mortality rate of children between 0-5 years in England in 1830?

Answer 15

430/1000 births

Question 16

How did HPG change after 1900?

Answer 16

rapid growth upswing
Better medicine, public sanitation
Fewer infant deaths

Question 17

What was the US life expectancy at birth in 1900?

Answer 17

47

Question 18

What was the US life expectancy at birth in 1925?

Answer 18

59

Question 19

What was the US life expectancy at birth in 2020?

Answer 19

79

Question 20

How was HPG affected during and after WWII?

Answer 20

1939-1941: slight divot in population from WW2

Post-WWII: Baby Boom
- Late 1940s
- Contributed to increase in population

Question 21

What event Post-WWII contributed to increase in population?

Answer 21

Baby Boom

Question 22

What determines HPG?

Answer 22

Balance between in and out (births and deaths)

Death rate

TFR

Replacement fertility

Question 23

Death rate equation

Answer 23

Death rate = f{conflict, disease, famine}

Question 24

total fertility rate (TFR)

Answer 24

total number of children/offspring per woman

Question 25

TFR of 1960

Answer 25

5 offspring per woman

Question 26

Replacement fertility

Answer 26

TFR that keeps population size stable

I.e., describe many offspring a woman needs to have to maintain population size

Question 27

What is the rule of thumb for replacement fertility?

Answer 27

2.05

Question 28

What is the actual number of Earth’s human carrying capacity?

Answer 28

Cannot be answered

Question 29

What factors impact Earth’s human carrying capacity?

Answer 29

Dependent on the state of the Earth
- Degrade of environment → carrying capacity shrinks

Depends on how individuals live
- What are the resource demands for the entire Earth’s population

Question 30

What meat resource is very demanding?

Answer 30

Beef

Question 31

_____ is a resource-demanding fish

Answer 31

Salmon

Question 32

Changing HPG rates

Answer 32

Reduce poverty —> reduce population growth (TFR declines with higher income (GNP))

Reduce poverty —> reduce infant mortality

Universal education —> reduce population growth (countries that have higher education for women show lower TFR)