9 10 and something else Flashcards
Synekism
The union of several small urban settlement under the rule of a capital city
Agricultural Village
A relatively small village where most of the population was involved in agriculture
Leadership class
A group of decision makers and organizers who controlled resources and often lives of others. Basically the elites with money that shape the cultural landscape of an area
Rank-size-Rule
Each city will have half the population from the largest to smallest The nth largest city will be 1/nth the size of the largest city
Primate City
A “primate city” is a city that serves as by far the biggest city in the country that it inhabits. It’s population is exponentially greater than the population of the next largest city in that country.
Disproportional large
Central Place Theory
in any given region there can only be one large central city which is surrounded by a series of smaller cities, towns, and hamlets. The central city provides the goods and services required by people living in surrounding communities.
Functional Zonation
the division of a city into different regions or zones (e.g. residential or industrial) for certain purposes or functions (e.g. housing or manufacturing) zone. areas with relatively uniform land use, for example, an industrial zone or a residential zone.
Suburbinization
Land from outside of the urban environment become urbanized
Excerb
Extreme Suburb
Rural Settlmenet
- Small Size
- Low Density
- Socially Homogeneous PopulationU
Urban Settlement
- Large size
- High density
- Hetergenous
Site Vs Situation
Site refers to the physical characteristics of a place, such as its topography, climate, soil, and natural resources. The exact location.
Situation refers to the location of a place in relation to other places and features.
Mega City
10m >
Tokyo
New York
Meta City
20m>
Mumbai
Sau Paulo
Suburbinization
The growth of cities outside of urban areas
Factors that contribute to urban sprawl and suburbinizaiton
Population growth- demand for housing
Economic Factors- Affordable land,
Garden City Movement
Self contained urban areas surrounded by green belts which protected the city from urbanization and provided recreational and amenity values
EX: The Emerald Necklace in Boston, Massachusetts is a system of parks, green spaces, and natural areas that encircles the city. It was designed in the late 19th century by landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted and includes a number of iconic parks such as the Boston Common and the Arnold Arboretum.
Primate City
The largest city in its country or region
Primate cities can cause Overcrowding and environmental degredation. Pollution
Concentric Zone Model
Created by Ernest Burgess
Cities grow outward from a central area in concentric rings
The hoyt sector model
Homer Hoyt
Cities develop in wedges rather than rings
Nuclei Model
C.D Harris and E.L Ullman
Cities grow around several centers (Nuclei), each serving different purposes and functions
Edge Cities Peripheral Cities
Sprawling from the center cities, CBD Outside of center city
Exurban
Beyond the suburbs. Have high residential but low population density. More rural
Tenements
Multi-occupancy buildings that are usually old and occupied by the poor
Slum Housing
Heavily populated slums, consisting mostly of closely packed, decrepit housing units inhabited by impoverished people
Bid Rent Theory
THe closer you live to the CBD the more valuable your land is as it has many amenities and social services.
Forward Captials
Relocation of the capital
Ex: Brasilia in Brazil
This usually happens when primate cities are too overcroweded
Squatter Settlement
Also known as informal settlement.
Areas of settlement that that have developed without legal claim. often rural areas with substandard housing and squalor
This happens because of poverty, rapid urbanization, and lack of access to basic services.
On the bright side, these places can be great places for innovation as the residents need crafty solutions to face the everyday challenges.
Challenges: Overcrowding, poor living conditions,
Results from urban sprawl and what is it
Urban sprawl is the uncontrolled expansion of urban areas
increased traffic and air pollution from the increased car use
Loss of natural and agricultural land
Increased infrastructure cost
New urbanism
This is supposed to counter urban sprawl.
A planning and development approach that promotes walkable, mixed use neighborhoods design, and spaces that are vibrant and human-scaled. It’s an urban design movement which promotes environmentally friendly habits by creating walkable neighborhoods containing a wide range of housing and job types.
New urbanism is a planning and design approach that seeks to create more livable, sustainable, and equitable communities by focusing on the principles of walkability, mixed-use development, and a human-scaled built environment.
EX: Kentlands, Maryland, that was designed to create a more livable and walkable environment by incorporating a mix of housing types, a town center, and a network of pedestrian-friendly streets.
Urban Revitalization
The process of renewing run down areas of a city by improving physical infrastructure, attracting new business and investments, and promoting cultural and recreational amenities
Transect planning
A method used in urban design which divides the city into zones based on their character ranging from rural to urban core
Redlining
A discriminatory practice that Denys or limits services to residents of certain areas or color.
Blockbusting
Real Estatea agents trying to get homeowners to sell their homes by creating panic or fear. THey would target neighborhoods that had been redlined.
White Flight
Whites moving out of their property that are becoming ethnically diverse.
Public Housing
Government subsidized residential building given to low income people
Disamenity Zone
Areas not connected to city services and are under control from drug gangs
De Jure Segragation
Racial Seperation enforced by law. An official policy that separates people based off color
Brownfields
A area that is contaminated by hazardous substances, pulluntants, or contamination.
Cleaning up these fields can provide new jobs, new housing as it opens up more land, and revitalizaiton of urban areas.
Sense of place
The emotional and psychological attachment people have to places, as well as the meaning and values attached to those places.
Urbanization in the US
Urbanization in the US accelerated in the 19th to 20th century due to industrlization. Major cities like enw York Los Angeles chicago. US expanded through sub urbanization, the growth in low populated areas. US has greater service and and infrastructure development
Urbanization in Latin America
In Latin America, urbanization accelereated in the 20th century because of colonial legacies, rural to urban migration, and political and economical instability. Latin America has experienced more concentrated urban growth, with high population growth and less subrurbanization.
Latin America still struggles with providing basic service such as clean water and
