8a.2c Flashcards
State a country which has significant variation in health and LE within.
uk
Where is LE highest in the UK
Highest in Dorset – 82/men, 86/women
Where is LE lowest in the UK
Shortest in Glasgow – 72/men, 78/women
evidences NS divide (look at where LE IS HIGHEST IN Uk)
Why is LE gradually increasing in the UK
- LE gradually increasing, but more for men, because of less physically demanding jobs
- Might also be linked to living environment, e.g. Wirral vs. Kesgrave
Think also about post-industrial decline
Health issues in NI
smoking, heavy industry, poor health spending
health issues in Wales
men drinking alcohol, and heavy labour, as well female obesity and blood pressure
Health issues in england and scotland
England – alcohol intake every day
Scotland – shortest life-expectancy, linked to alcoholism and unemployment
Why does socio-economic background matter?
- Exposure to chemicals and particulates
- Income level, education attainment, attitude to diet, exercise, smoking and alcohol
- Does everyone genuinely have equal access to universal health care?
Is health linked to economic prosperity?
Liverpool: hospital admissions for alcohol is higher
Chilterns: has lowest number of smoking deaths
Kensington: LE highest and fewest cancer deaths
London overall: has high rates of infectious disease – linked to migration and tourists.
What is diet link in low-income groups
poor, with cheap, high-fat fast food consumed rather than fresh fruit and vegetables (spending on this lower in north east England).
Risks of low income and poor lifestyles
high levels of heart disease, diabetes, some cancers, liver and kidney failure - and hence lower life expectancy.
How does aboriginal people show ethnic variations in health
-Australians with European ancestry live nearly 20 years longer than Aboriginal people
- ATSI (Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander) men and women both live 10 years less than the average Australian.
Why doe aboriginal people have lower LE
relatively high mortality rates in middle age
high rates of chronic disease and injury
high levels of deprivation
a higher prevalence of modifiable and behavioural risk factors, such as smoking, drug taking and alcohol abuse
lower levels of education and employment
the social disadvantages they face
Why are the aboriginal people poor
live in isolated rural communities and have low-paid jobs. Levels of alcohol consumption, smoking and drug abuse are high. Food can be expensive in isolated communities, and access to healthcare is basic.
How had australia tried to fix these differences
In 2009, the Australian government launched the Close the Gap initiative, which, by 2018, aimed to halve the gap in child mortality, and increase the proportion of ATSI students completing high school.
