8a.1C : 1.3 Iran edcuatioj

Question 1

What are the key priorities for improving education

Answer 1

Language, quality of teaching, facilities, school feeding programmes, relevant curriculum, schools in refugees

Question 2

Describe language

Answer 2

need to learn in mother tongue (tribal grouping) instead of national language – this keeps children studying longer

Question 3

Describe quality of teaching

Answer 3

must be worth the long travel – and pay in both private/public must rise to improve the status of teaching

Question 4

Describe facilities

Answer 4

separate and secure toilets, hygienic cooking area, quiet classrooms (not corrugated iron)

Question 5

Describe global lack of access to education

Answer 5

59million not in primary school
65million low in secondary
Mainly girls
69% with equal gender access to primary
48% to secondary

Question 6

Why is education a human right

Answer 6

-Female education and literacyimproves health, child mortality,
-Govt. should spend 4-5% of GDP on education.
-Depends on equality law to guarantee status and rights

Question 7

Why do standards of achievement vary (aka evaluate success)

Answer 7

Poverty
Conflict
Epidemics
Marginalised social groups
Natural disasters
Sahel-like geography
Internal conflict
Cultural conservativism

Question 8

How does UNESCO help

Answer 8

• Promotes fundamental human rights
• Also: One Laptop per Child
• US Lincoln Learning Centres (Eng Language, libraries, programming, counselling)

Question 9

Why is education central to economic development

Answer 9

• Education helps you know and assert your human rights
• Helps females challenge barriers to education, e.g. Malala Yousafzai
• Helps access to basic hygiene, health care, family size
• Improves decision making and 21st Century rights
• Improves communication, trade,
• Improves knowledge / skills / economic growth

Question 10

Why do attitudes vary?

Answer 10

• education of girls is a lower priority in rural developing countries
• costs of education like uniform and pencils are expensive even if fees are removed
• low status of women
• depends on %rural and %urban

Question 11

Changing access to education in Iran (fluctuating)

Answer 11

Reza Shah Pahlavi (Pre-Iranian Revolution): huge expansion of women’s education (‘Shah’s Feminism’).
1970s Islamic Revolution: contraction.
Pres. Rafsanjani (1990s) and Khatami: expansion.
Pres. Ahmadinejad (2000s): contraction.
Pres. Rouhani (2010s) – no change.

Question 12

Describe general education stats in Iran

Answer 12

23.5 million men have paid jobs in Iran
3.5 million women
Young women see education as important
Average age of first child by educated women: 24.
Average age of first child otherwise: 20

Question 13

Why was shahs feminism rejected

Answer 13

• People were more attracted to the Revolution of the Islamic Republic (Ayatollah Khoemini) – and it’s more traditional interpretation of the Koran
• Fathers allowed girls to go to school, they gained education, and feminism grew…
• shahs method was well understood in Tehran and urban areas but not in rural Iran

Question 14

What is the relationship between years in education and income

Answer 14

• A low number of years in education results in a poorly educated, unskilled workforce with low earning capacity, so incomes remain low.
• High incomes mean governments have the taxes to invest in education (investing in future human capital, which in turn increases future income

Question 15

Compare rich and poor country

Answer 15

Norway: 2013 Expected years in education - 17.6
Income per person $70,600 (2016)
Niger: 5.4 years, $360

Question 16

Why is education central to economic development

Answer 16

adds to human capital