8.9

Question 1

Great Society

Answer 1

• Johnson’s domestic policies program. Planned to expand the social reforms of the New Deal. Give assistance to millions of Americans who had previously been forgotten or ignored—the poor, the disabled, and the elderly.

Question 2

The Other America (1962) by Michael Harrington

Answer 2

• helped focus national attention on the 40 million Americans still living in poverty. Motivated President Johnson to declare an
  “unconditional war on poverty” in 1964.

Question 3

Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO)

Answer 3

• Sponsored a wide variety of self-help programs for the poor, such as Head Start for preschoolers, the Job Corps for vocational education, literacy programs, and legal services.

Question 4

Community Action Program

Answer 4

• Allowed the poor to run antipoverty programs in their own neighborhoods (controversial).

Question 5

The Election of 1964

Answer 5

• Democrats: Johnson and his running mate, Senator Hubert Humphrey had a liberal agenda.
• Republicans: Senator Barry Goldwater who advocated ending the welfare state, including the Tennessee Valley Authority and Social Security.
• A Democratic president and Congress were in a position to pass the economic and social reforms originally proposed by President Truman in the 1940s.

Question 6

Food Stamp Act

Answer 6

• (1964)
• Expanded the federal program to help low-income people buy food

Question 7

National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities

Answer 7

• (1965)
• Provided federal funding for the arts and for creative and scholarly projects

Question 8

Medicare

Answer 8

• (1965)
• Provided health insurance for all people 65 and older

Question 9

Medicaid

Answer 9

• (1965)
• Provided funds to states to pay for medical care for the poor and disabled

Question 10

Elementary and Secondary Education Act

Answer 10

• (1965)
• Provided federal funds to poor school districts and funds for special education programs

Question 11

Higher Education Act

Answer 11

• (1965)
• Provided federal scholarships for postsecondary education

Question 12

Immigration Act

Answer 12

• (1965)
• Abolished discriminatory quotas based on national origins

Question 13

Child Nutrition Act

Answer 13

• (1966)
• Added breakfast to the school lunch program

Question 14

Department of Transportation (DOT)

Answer 14

• Planning and coordinating federal transportation projects. It also sets safety regulations for all major modes of transportation.

Question 15

Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)

Answer 15

• Administers programs that provide housing and community development assistance and ensure fair and equal housing opportunity for all.

Question 16

Unsafe at Any Speed (1965) by Ralph Nader

Answer 16

• Convinced Congress to pass automobile industry regulations that would save hundreds of thousands of lives in the following years.

Question 17

Silent Spring (1962) by Rachel Carson

Answer 17

• Exposed harm of pesticides. Led Congress to pass clean air and water laws.

Question 18

Beautify America

Answer 18

• Campaign led by President Johnson’s wife, Lady Bird Johnson that helped improve the environment. Led to the Highway Beautification Act that removed billboards from federal highways.

Question 19

Immigration Shift in 1980s

Answer 19

• Before the 1960s, most immigrants came from Europe and Canada. By the 1980s, large percentages came from Latin America and Asia, and fewer from Europe and Canada. This was partially caused by refugees from Cuba and Vietnam after communist takeover.

Question 20

Immigration Act of 1965

Answer 20

• Ended the ethnic quota acts of the 1920s favoring Europeans and thereby opened the US to immigrants from all parts of the world. Legal immigration increased sharply.