8.13 Flashcards
1
Q
Silent Spring
A
- 1962
- Rachel Carson published a book that explained the negative environmental effects of DDT, a potent insecticide that had been used in American agriculture. Carson argued that unchecked industrial growth would destroy animal life and ultimately human life on earth.
2
Q
Barry Commoner
A
- Late 1950s
- he was a researcher who began finding high levels of a cancer-causing substance, strontium-90, in children’s teeth. It came from nuclear weapons tests, so he led the fight to stop nuclear testing above ground.
3
Q
The Population Bomb
A
- 1968
- Paul Ehrlich argues that overpopulation was causing the world’s environment. It sparked debate about how many people the Earth could sustain.
4
Q
Environmental Disasters during 1950s, 1960s, 1970s
A
- These accidents reinforced the fears of the deadly combination of human error and modern technology.
5
Q
Lucky Dragon incident
A
- 1954
- the 23-man crew of the Japanese fishing vessel Lucky Dragon was exposed to radioactive fallout from a hydrogen bomb test at Bikini Atoll, a chain of islands in the Pacific Ocean.
6
Q
Oil Well in Santa Barbara
A
- 1969
- an oil well blowout in Santa Barbara Bay spilled more than 200,000 gallons of oil into the ocean. - - - - EFFECT - The widespread pollution of the California coastline forced the oil industry to reform its operations.
7
Q
Fire in Ohio Cuyahoga River
A
- 1969
- the river bursts into flames from all the oil and chemicals floating on the surface.
8
Q
Accident at Three Mile Island
A
- 1979
- opinion also turned against building additional nuclear power plants after an accident at the Three Mile Island power plant in Pennsylvania.
9
Q
Earth Day
A
- first celebrated in 1970
- the popularity of the environmental movements grows and it becomes a political issue
10
Q
Earthrise/ Apollo Pictures from Space
A
- 1968
- These images portrayed a relatively small and fragile planet in the vast lifeless vacuum of space. The photograph, named “Earthrise,” and variations of it, became iconic images for the environmental movement.
11
Q
the National Audubon Society, the Environmental Defense Fund, the National Wildlife Federation, the National Resources Defense Council, the National Parks Conservation Association, and the Sierra Club
A
- 1970s
- These groups served a watchdog function, monitoring whether environmental regulations were properly enforced by federal agencies. They hired:
- lobbyists to advocate for environmental legislation
- lawyers to enforce environmental standards in the courts
- scientists to help determine when new regulations were needed.
12
Q
California and Auto Emission
A
- California became a leader in auto emissions standards by mandating that engine gases be recycled to cut back on the pollution and smog choking its large cities.
13
Q
Lyndon Johnson and Nature
A
- In the 1960s, President Lyndon Johnson (1963–1969) signed almost 300 conservation and beautification bills, supported by more than $12 billion in authorized funds.
14
Q
Wilderness Act
A
- permanently set aside certain federal lands from commercial economic
development in order to preserve them in their natural state.
15
Q
Nixon and Nature
A
- Nixon recognized the importance and popularity of the environmental movement and came up with new programs like the Environmental Protection Agency.
