8.6 Flashcards
1
Q
Jackie Robinson
A
- (1947)
- Baseball player
- first African American to play on a major league team (Brooklyn Dodgers). Broke the color line.
2
Q
Harry S. Truman
A
- (1945–1953)
- the first modern president to use the powers of his office to challenge racial discrimination.
3
Q
Committee on Civil Rights
A
- Created by Truman in 1946.
- Responsible for proposing measures to strengthen and safeguard civil rights in the United States.
4
Q
Civil rights division of the Justice Department
A
- aided the efforts of Black leaders
to end segregation in schools. - Truman strengthened during his presidency.
5
Q
Military Discrimination
A
(1948) Truman ordered the end of racial discrimination throughout the federal government, including the armed forces. Changed life on military bases especially in the South.
6
Q
Fair Employment Practices Commission
A
- prevent employers from discriminating against the hiring of African Americans. Southern Democrats blocked.
7
Q
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
A
- Fought to overturn the Supreme Court’s 1896 decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (Separate but equal).
8
Q
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
A
- Led by Thurgood Marshall. Argued that segregation of Black children in public schools was unconstitutional because it violated the “equal protection of the laws” (14th). May 1954 Plessy decision is overturned.
- Earl Warren - Chief Justice that declared:
1) “separate facilities are inherently unequal” and hence unconstitutional,
2) School segregation should end with “all deliberate speed.”
9
Q
Retaliation to Brown Case
A
- “Southern Manifesto” - Document that 101 Southern members of Congress signed to condemn the Supreme Court for a “clear abuse of judicial power.”
- Closed public schools and set up private schools.
- The Ku Klux Klan made a comeback, and violence against African Americans increased.
10
Q
Little Rock
A
- (1956)
- In Arkansas, Governor Orval Faubus used the state’s National Guard to prevent nine African American students from entering Little Rock Central High School after the Brown case. Eisenhower intervened by sending federal troops to stand guard in Little Rock and protect Black students.
11
Q
Rosa Parks
A
- Active member of the local chapter of the NAACP. Participated in the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
12
Q
Montgomery Bus Boycott
A
- Bus driver ordered Rosa Parks to give up her seat to a white person. She refused and she was arrested for violating the segregation law. Sparked a massive African American protest in the form of a boycott of the city buses. This eventually caused the Supreme Court to rule segregation laws unconstitutional.
13
Q
Martin Luther King Jr.
A
- minister of a Montgomery Baptist church and a leader of a nonviolent movement to end segregation
14
Q
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
A
- Created by MLK. Organized ministers and churches in the South to support the civil rights struggle.
15
Q
Sit-In Movement
A
- (1960)
- college students in Greensboro, North Carolina started after being refused service at a Whites-only Woolworth’s lunch counter. Many other students joined by sitting in restricted areas and getting arrested. Help to integrate restaurants, hotels, libraries, pools, and transportation throughout the South.
