8.4 Bio Flashcards
What is the process of translating mRNA into a protein called?
Translation
True or False: Translation occurs in the nucleus of the cell.
False
Fill in the blank: The three-letter sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid is called a _____.
codon
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
Name the cellular structure where translation occurs.
Ribosome
What molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
tRNA (transfer RNA)
What is the start codon for translation?
AUG
True or False: Mutations can only be harmful to an organism.
False
What type of mutation involves the substitution of one nucleotide for another?
Point mutation
Multiple Choice: What type of mutation results in a premature stop codon? A) Missense B) Nonsense C) Silent D) Insertion
B) Nonsense
Fill in the blank: A mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence is called a _____.
silent mutation
What is the term for a mutation that involves the addition or deletion of nucleotides?
Frameshift mutation
What role do ribosomes play in translation?
They facilitate the assembly of amino acids into proteins.
What process follows transcription in gene expression?
Translation
What is the function of the anticodon on tRNA?
It pairs with the corresponding codon on mRNA.
Fill in the blank: Mutations can arise from errors during _____.
DNA replication
What is a deletion mutation?
A mutation where one or more nucleotide pairs are removed from the DNA sequence.
True or False: Mutations can lead to genetic diversity in a population.
True
What can cause mutations in DNA?
Environmental factors, such as radiation or chemicals, and errors in DNA replication.
What is an example of a disease caused by a mutation?
Sickle cell anemia
What happens during the elongation phase of translation?
Amino acids are added one by one to the growing polypeptide chain.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following mutations may result in a longer protein? A) Deletion B) Insertion C) Substitution D) All of the above
B) Insertion
What is the end product of translation?
A polypeptide (protein)
True or False: The genetic code is universal among all organisms.
True
