8.1 Bio Flashcards
What was the main conclusion of Griffith’s experiment with Streptococcus pneumoniae?
Griffith concluded that a ‘transforming principle’ could transfer genetic information from dead bacteria to live bacteria.
True or False: Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty identified DNA as the ‘transforming principle’ in Griffith’s experiment.
True
What method did Hershey and Chase use to demonstrate that DNA is the genetic material?
They used bacteriophages labeled with radioactive isotopes.
In Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty’s experiment, what was used to degrade the macro molecules
specific enzymes
What did Hershey and Chase conclude from their experiments with bacteriophages?
They concluded that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material of the virus.
True or False: Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty’s work confirmed that proteins are the carriers of genetic information.
False
What were the two strains of pneumonia used by Griffith in his experiments?
Smooth (S) strain and Rough (R) strain.
Fill in the blank: The ‘S’ strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae was _____, meaning it had a smooth capsule.
virulent
What did the radioactive labeling of phosphorus and sulfur help determine in Hershey and Chase’s experiment?
It helped determine whether DNA or protein was the genetic material.
Multiple Choice: Which component of the bacteriophage was labeled with sulfur? A) DNA B) Protein C) Lipids D) Carbohydrates
B) Protein
What is the significance of the term ‘transformation’ in Griffith’s experiment?
It refers to the process by which a non-virulent strain of bacteria became virulent after taking up genetic material from dead virulent bacteria.
True or False: The results of Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty’s experiments were immediately accepted by the scientific community.
False
What is the primary focus of the Hershey-Chase experiment?
To identify the genetic material of the T2 bacteriophage.
Fill in the blank: The rough strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae is _____, meaning it does not cause disease.
avirulent
In which year did Griffith conduct his experiment?
1928
What was the main technique used by Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty to identify DNA as the transforming factor?
They used enzymatic degradation to show that only DNA could transform R strain to S strain.
Multiple Choice: What was the main purpose of the Hershey-Chase experiment? A) To study bacterial transformation B) To identify the genetic material of viruses C) To examine bacterial growth D) To investigate protein synthesis
B) To identify the genetic material of viruses
What did Griffith’s experiment demonstrate about the transfer of genetic material?
It showed that genetic material can be transferred between different strains of bacteria.
True or False: Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty used heat-killed S strain to transform R strain.
True
What did the results of the Hershey-Chase experiment ultimately support?
The idea that DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms.
Fill in the blank: Griffith’s experiment involved injecting mice with _____ strains of bacteria.
different
What was the outcome when live R strain bacteria were injected into mice?
The mice remained healthy.
What did the discovery of the transforming principle lead to in molecular biology?
It led to the understanding of DNA as the hereditary material.
