8.3 Bio Flashcards
What is transcription in molecular biology?
The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.
True or False: Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
False
Fill in the blank: The enzyme responsible for synthesizing RNA during transcription is called __________.
RNA polymerase
What are the three main stages of transcription?
Initiation, elongation, and termination.
Which type of RNA is produced during transcription?
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
What is the role of promoter regions in transcription?
They are sequences that signal the start of transcription.
True or False: Transcription can occur simultaneously with translation in prokaryotic cells.
True
What is the primary function of mRNA?
To carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
Fill in the blank: The strands of DNA are separated during transcription by __________.
RNA polymerase
What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcription?
Eukaryotic transcription occurs in the nucleus and involves processing, while prokaryotic transcription occurs in the cytoplasm without processing.
What is the significance of the 5’ cap and poly-A tail in eukaryotic mRNA?
They protect mRNA from degradation and assist in translation.
True or False: RNA polymerase requires a primer to initiate transcription.
False
What are introns?
Non-coding regions of a gene that are removed during RNA splicing.
Fill in the blank: The region of DNA that is transcribed into RNA is called the __________.
transcription unit
What is the role of transcription factors?
They help regulate the transcription of specific genes by binding to nearby DNA.
What is the termination signal in transcription?
A specific sequence of nucleotides that signals the end of transcription.
True or False: Transcription is a unidirectional process.
True
What are exons?
Coding regions of a gene that are expressed and retained in the mRNA.
What is the main product of transcription in all organisms?
RNA
Multiple choice: Which RNA polymerase is responsible for synthesizing mRNA in eukaryotes? A) RNA polymerase I B) RNA polymerase II C) RNA polymerase III D) None of the above
B) RNA polymerase II
What happens during the elongation phase of transcription?
RNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the growing RNA strand.
Fill in the blank: In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the __________.
nucleus
