8.4 Bacterial Disesases Flashcards

1
Q

What is Pierce’s Disease?

A
  • A bacterial disease that quickly kills vines
  • Bacterium lives in the sap channels of vines, which it clogs, leading to shrivelling, dropping leaves and the death of the vine between one and five years
  • Symptoms are unclear
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2
Q

Name 2 varieties that are vulnerable to Pierce’s Disease.

A

Chardonnay, Pinot Noir

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3
Q

How does the bacterium that causes Pierce’s Disease spread?

A
  • By the sharpshooter insect, which acts as a vector

- The glassy-winged sharpshooter has led to the disease being spread more rapidly from the 1980s.

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4
Q

What are the management options for Pierce’s Disease?

A
  • No chemical control
  • Reduce the number of the vector.
    • Removing vines close to rivers has been effective as riverbanks can be a habitat for one of the vectors (blue-green sharpshooter)
    • Some chemical insecticides can also be used.
  • -Introducing a species of wasp that feeds on the eggs of sharpshooters
  • Strict quarantine rules for the movement of plants
  • Future development of Pierce’s Disease-resistant vines
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5
Q

What are grapevine yellows?

A
  • A group of diseases caused by a type of bacteria that live in a range of plants, including cover crops used in vineyards
  • No treatment
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6
Q

What is a vector?

A

An organism that transmits a disease

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7
Q

How are grapevine yellows spread?

A
  • Vectors

- Nurseries selling untreated, diseases stock

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8
Q

What is the most common type of grapevine yellows? Where is it common?

A
  • Flavescence dorée

- France, Germany, southern Europe, New York State and, in a different form, in Australia

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of grapevine yellows?

A
  • Delayed budburst
  • A drooping posture because the new shoots fail to become woody
  • The canopy turning yellow (in white varieties) and red (in black varieties)
  • Sometimes death
  • Sometimes recovers after the attack
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10
Q

Name 2 varieties that are vulnerable to grapevine yellows.

A
  • Chardonnay

- Riesling

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11
Q

What are the management options for grapevine yellows?

A
  • No control
  • Controlling the vector:
    • Insecticides,
    • Removal of plants that host the vectors
  • In the nursery, bathe the pruning wood in hot water to kill the disease
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12
Q

Name 2 other bacterial diseases.

A
  1. Bacterial blight

2. Crown gall

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