Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

L4.1 Production > 1.1 The Anatomy of the Vine > Flashcards

1.1 The Anatomy of the Vine Flashcards

1
Q

Name the species of grape most commonly used for winemaking.

A

Vitis Vinifera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

To where is Vitis Vinifera indigenous?

A

Eurasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 4 most common North American grape species?

A
  1. Vitis labrusca
  2. Vitis riparia
  3. Vitis berlandieri
  4. Vitis rupestris
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the main function of the North American grape species?

A

Rootstocks onto which V. vinifera is grafted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name the 4 sections of a vine.

A
  1. main shoots
  2. one-year-old wood
  3. permanent wood
  4. roots
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the canopy?

A

The main shoots and all of their major structures – stem, buds, leaves, lateral shoots, tendrils and inflorescences/grape bunches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of the stem?

A

The stem supports the grape.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are nodes and internodes?

A

Nodes: The little swellings along the stem, where the other structures are attached
Internodes: The lengths of stem in between the nodes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are canes?

A

In late summer, the leaves fall from the vine and the green shoots lignify (become woody and rigid) and turn brown; from this point they are called canes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are buds? Where do they form?

A
  • -Buds form between the leaf stalk (petiole) and the stem.
  • -As they mature they contain all the structures in miniature that will become green parts of the vine, including the stem, buds, tendrils, leaves and often inflorescences.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the two types of buds?

A

Compound buds and Prompt buds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe Compound buds? When do they form?

A
  • -AKA latent buds
  • -They form in one growing season and break open in the next growing season (provided they are retained during winter pruning).
  • -They produce the main shoots in the next growing season.
  • -Within a compound bud, there is typically a primary bud (the main growing point) and smaller secondary and tertiary buds. The secondary and tertiary buds usually only grow if damage has occurred to the primary bud (e.g. spring frost).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are Prompt buds?

A

–They form and break open in the same growing season. —They form on the main shoot (that has just grown from a compound bud) and produce lateral shoots.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a lateral shoot? What is their function?

A
  • -They grow from buds formed in the current year (prompt buds).
  • -Smaller and thinner than the main shoot
  • -Their main function is to allow the plant to carry on growing if the tip of the main shoot has been damaged or eaten.
  • -Can provide an additional source of leaves for photosynthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When might a lateral shoot growing near the base of the main shoot be undesirable?

A

They impede air flow and can shade the fruit too much.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the ‘second crop’ on lateral shoots?

A
  • -Lateral shoots often produce inflorescences

- -These inflorescences become bunches of grapes later than those on the main stem and hence ripen later.

17
Q

If harvested at the same time as the main crop, describe the second crop?

A

-Overall the crop is less ripe as its growth cycle has been later than the primary crop, and it will have less time to ripen.
Therefore the grapes will be
-Higher in acidity
–Have less sugar, therefore lower in potential alcohol
–May have unripe tannins and aromas/flavours
–In black grapes, less colour

18
Q

What’s the benefit of hand harvesting when it comes to the second crop?

A

You can be selective and pick the second crop later instead of mixing.

19
Q

What is the function of the tendrils?

A
  • -Support the vine

- -The tendrils curl around trellis wires and keep the canopy in place.

20
Q

What is the function of the leaves?

A
  • -The site of photosynthesis (synthesising of co2 and water to produce energy (sugar) important for vine growth and metabolism)
    • Leaves provide shade which may or may not be desirable depending on climate conditions, and if undesirable will be trimmed away in canopy management.
21
Q

What are stomata?

A
  • -Pores on the underside of the leaves
  • -Let water diffuse out
  • -Let CO2 in
  • -Close if the vine is water stressed
22
Q

What is an inflorescence? How many are there on each main shoot?

A
  • -The inflorescence is a cluster of flowers on a stem, which becomes a bunch of grapes at fruit set.
  • -The number of inflorescences on each main shoot can depend on the grape variety, but is usually between one and three.
23
Q

What does a fertilised inflorescence become?

A

A bunch of grapes

24
Q

Name a grape variety with very tight bunches. What is the downside to this?

A

Pinot Noir
–Prone to fungal diseases as the tightness in the bunch makes the grape skin prone to splitting during growth, and lack of air flow through the bunch.

25
Q

What are the three parts of a grape?

A
  1. Pulp
  2. Skin
  3. Seeds
26
Q

What makes up the majority of the grape’s weight and volume?

A

Pulp

27
Q

What does grape pulp contain?

A

–It contains water, sugars, acids and some aroma compounds and aroma precursor.

28
Q

What color is most pulp? What is the exception?

A
  • The pulp of most grapes is colourless.

- Exceptions: teinturier varieties, which have red-coloured pulp (e.g. Alicante Bouschet) not common.

29
Q

What do the skins contain?

A

–The skin of the grape contains a high concentration of aroma compounds and aroma precursors, tannins and colour compounds.

30
Q

What do the seeds contain? What color are the seeds?

A
  • -Seeds contain oils, tannins and the embryo, which can grow into a new plant.
    • Seeds mature inside the grape, turning yellow to dark brown.
31
Q

What is the bloom?

A

A powdery waxy coating that covers the surface of the grape.

32
Q

What attaches the grape to the vine? What does this contain?

A

Stem, contains tannins

33
Q

What is One-Year-Old Wood? Why are they important?

A
  • -One-year-old wood refers to the main shoots from the last growing season that were kept at pruning.
  • -Importantly, the one-year-old wood supports the compound buds that will break to release the main shoots for the upcoming growing season.
34
Q

What is Permanent Wood? What is the main function?

A
  • -These are the woody parts of the vine that are older than one year, including the trunk.
  • -The trunk and cordons provide support for the other parts of the vine.
  • -They transport water and solutes to and from different parts of the vine and store carbohydrates and nutrients.
35
Q

What is the function of the roots?

A
    • Anchor the vine
    • Uptake of water and nutrients
    • Store of carbohydrates
    • Produce hormones that have important functions within vine growth and grape ripening
36
Q

How far in the soil do the roots typically go?

A
    • Most: up to 50 cm

- - Some: over 6 m

37
Q

Where are water and nutrients absorbed from the soil?

A

At the root tips, where the roots are actively growing.

L4.1 Production (78 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions