13.4 General Winemaking Options: Pressing Flashcards
When are grapes typically pressed in white winemaking?
almost always pressed to extract the juice from the grapes and to separate the skins from the juice before fermentation
When are grapes typically pressed in red winemaking?
- crushed before fermentation
- pressed after the desired number of days on the skins or at the end of fermentation
What are the 4 main types of presses? Which is more popular?
- Pneumatic presses (more popular)
- Basket presses
- Horizontal screw press
- Continuous press
Describe how a pneumatic press works.
- The press is made up of a cylindrical cage with a bladder that runs down the side or middle of it.
- Grapes are loaded into the tank (on one side of the bladder).
- The other side of the cage is filled with air and, as the bladder inflates, the grapes are gradually pushed against grates on the side of the cage, separating the juice or wine from the skins.
What are the 2 main advantages of pneumatic presses?
- Can be programmed to exert different amounts of pressure (light pressure for less extraction, harder pressure for greater extraction, which can provide different blending components if needed)
- Can be flushed with inert gas before use to protect the juice or wine from oxidation
In what types of wineries are pneumatic presses common?
Medium to large-scale wineries that can afford the initial investment
What is another name for a pneumatic press?
Air bag press
Describe how a basket press works.
- A ‘basket’ is filled with grapes and pressure is applied from above.
- The juice or wine runs through gaps or holes in the side of the basket and is collected by a tray at the bottom of the press.
- A pipe transfers the juice or wine to another vessel.
What is the main advantage of basket presses?
- Believed to be gentler than pneumatic presses
What are the main disadvantage of basket presses?
- hold a smaller press load,
- much more labour intensive
- not sealed vessels, cannot be flushed with inert gases to avoid oxygen exposure
In what types of wineries are basket presses common?
small wineries making premium wines
What are 2 other names for a basket press?
‘vertical press’ or ‘champagne press’
What is a horizontal screw press?
- Similar to a basket press mounted horizontally above a rectangular draining tray
- Less gentle, time-intensive, less popular
What is a continuous press? What types of wines is it best suited for?
- Allows grapes to be continually loaded into the press as it works by using a screw mechanism;
- Quicker pressing of high volume
- Less gentle
- Best for: high volumes of inexpensive wines.
How do most modern presses work?
- Computerized
- Winemaker can program the pressure and length of time