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Cardiovascular > 8.4 Arteries and Veins > Flashcards

8.4 Arteries and Veins Flashcards

1
Q

which vessels are EFFERENT

A

ARTERIES - away from heart

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2
Q

which vessels are AFFERENT

A

VEINS

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3
Q

how are the PRESSURES in ARTERIES and VEINS

A

ARTERIES - HIGH PRESSURE SYSTEM

VEINS - LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM

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4
Q

do ARTERIES or VEINS have THICKER WALLS

A

ARTERIES

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5
Q

WALLS of BLOOD VESSELS are composed of 3 LAYERS:

A

inner TUNICA INTIMA

TUNICA MEDIA

outer TUNICA ADVENTITIA

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6
Q

what is usually found at the interface between the TUNICA MEDIA and TUNICA ADVENTITIA

A

EXTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA

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7
Q

where can the INTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA be found

A

TUNICA INTIMA

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8
Q

what is found in TUNICA INTIMA

A

ENDOTHELIUM - single layer of simple squamous cells

may have SUBENDOTHELIAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE and INTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA

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9
Q

what does TUNICA MEDIA consist of

A

SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS

may have ELASTIC FIBRE
and EXTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA

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10
Q

TYPES of ARTERIES:

A
  1. ELASTIC ARTERY
    ie. Aorta, Pulmonary Arteries, Common Carotid
  2. MUSCULAR ARTERY
    ie Femoral, Brachial, Superior Mesenteric
  3. ARTERIOLES
    smallest
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11
Q

which ARTERIES are the LARGEST and CLOSEST to the HEART

A

ELASTIC ARTERIES

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12
Q

TYPES of VEINS

A
  1. VENULE
  2. MEDIUM / MUSCULAR VEIN
  3. LARGE VEIN
    ie SVC, IVC
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13
Q

due to THICKNESS of LARGE VEINS, how are they SUPPLIED with BLOOD

A

via VASA VESORUM in their outer layers

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14
Q

when do ELASTIC ARTERIES EXPAND and RECOIL

A

Expand during VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION / SYSTOLE

Passive Recoil during VENTRICULAR RELAXATION / DIASTOLE

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15
Q

ELASTIC ARTERIES
TUNICA INTIMA SUBENDOTHELIAL LAYER of CONNECTIVE TISSUE is composed of:

A

mostly COLLAGEN
& ELASTIC FIBRES

SCATTERED FIBROBLASTS
occasional SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS

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16
Q

ELASTIC ARTERIES
how is the INTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA

A

NOT DISTINCT

due to numerous layers of ELASTIC tissue within TUNICA MEDIA
- often BLENDS with these elastic fibres

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17
Q

ELASTIC ARTERIES
TUNICA MEDIA is a THICK LAYER of SMOOTH MUSCLE with ABUNDANT ELASTIC FIBRES (for shape change) arranged in….

A

CIRCUMFERENTIAL SHEETS / LAYERS
(between layers of smooth muscle cells)

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18
Q

what does COLLAGEN give to ARTERIAL WALLS

A

TENSILE STRENGTH

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19
Q

CONTRACTION of SMOOTH MUSCLE in TUNICA MEDIA is CONTROLLED by which nervous system

A

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

sympathetic - vasodilation
parasympathetic - vasoconstriction

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20
Q

how is EXTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA of ELASTIC ARTERIES and why

A

NOT DISTINCT

due to numerous layers of elastic tissue within tunica media hence blends in

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21
Q

ELASTIC ARTERIES
TUNICA ADVENTITIA is LOOSE, IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE with…

A

COLLAGEN FIBRES (LONGITUDINALLY ARRANGED)
and SCATTERED FIBROBLASTS

often interspersed with elastic fibres

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22
Q

what unique feature is found in TUNICA ADVENTITIA of ELASTIC ARTERIES

A

VASA VASORUM

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23
Q

what helps STABILISE the POSITION of ELASTIC ARTERIES

A

FIBRES of TUNICA ADVENTITIA often BLEND INTO SURROUNDING TISSUES

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24
Q

how is the LUMEN of MUSCULAR ARTERIES

A

SMALL in comparison to arterial wall thickness

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25
what is the THICKEST LAYER of MUSCULAR ARTERIES
TUNICA MEDIA
26
MUSCULAR ARTERIES INTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA appears....
CORRUGATED (with ridges/grooves)
27
MUSCULAR ARTERIES TUNICA MEDIA - how are SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS ARRANGED
in CIRCULAR LAYERS with some elastin, collagen, occasional fibroblasts and an external elastic lamina
28
MUSCULAR ARTERIES TUNICA ADVENTITIA composition
LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE with LONGITUDINALLY and CIRCUMFERENTIALLY ARRANGED COLLAGEN and ELASTIC FIBRES that blend with surrounding connective tissue
29
SIZE of ARTERIOLES DIAMETER
100μm or less
30
ARTERIOLES are .... vessels that mainly REGULATE ...
SMALL-RESISTANCE VESSELS that mainly REGULATE SYSTEMIC BLOOD PRESSURE
31
how are ARTERIOLE WALLS relative to the lumen
THICK
32
ARTERIOLES can undergo ... in response to neural and non-neural stimuli
vasoconstriction or vasodilation
33
how is the INTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA in Larger vs Small ARTERIOLES
PROMINENT in larger arterioles THIN or ABSENT in the SMALLEST ARTERIOLES
34
ARTERIOLES in TUNICA INTIMA ENDOTHELIAL CELLS are resting on...
BASAL LAMINA
35
ARTERIOLES how is the TUNICA MEDIA SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS
1-2 LAYERS of CIRCULARLY ARRANGED SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS smooth muscle action controls systemic blood pressure
36
ARTERIOLES TUNICA ADVENTITIA how are COLLAGEN and ELASTIC FIBRES ARRANGED
LONGITUDINALLY and CIRCUMFERENTIALLY
37
how are the LAYERS in CAPILLARIES
TUNICA INTIMA - SINGLE LAYER of ENDOTHELIUM NO TUNICA MEDIA OR TUNICA ADVENTITIA
38
CAPILLARIES are composed of SINGLE LAYER of ENDOTHELIUM ATTACHED TO....
UNDERLYING BASEMENT MEMBRANE with Scattered PERICYTES (underlying subendothelial layer of loose connective tissue)
39
name of the CELLS present at intervals along the WALLS of CAPILLARIES that help exchange
PERICYTES
40
there are 3 TYPES of CAPILLARIES:
- CONTINUOUS (continuous endothelium) - FENESTRATED (small pores in endothelium) - SINUSOID (larger pores and discontinuous basement membrane, in liver and spleen)
41
how is WALL THICKNESS in VEINS
THIN
42
VEIN WALLS typically have MORE ... THAN ...
MORE COLLAGEN THAN ELASTIC FIBRES - great tensile strength
43
due to LOW INTRAMURAL PRESSURE what are needed in VEINS
VALVES to PREVENT BACKFLOW
44
which LAYER is PROMINENT in VEINS
ADVENTITIA prominent with connective tissue to support weaker veins
45
VENOUS SYSTEM returns blood TO HEART, often AGAINST GRAVITY. how is this achieved:
- VALVES PREVENT BACKFLOW - CONTRACTION of THINNER SMOOTH MUSCLE in vein walls - CONTRACTION of EXTERNAL SKELETAL MUSCLE, compressing veins (opens valves)
46
what is meant by the SKELETAL MUSCLE PUMP
when SURROUNDING SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTRACTS and SQUEEZES VEINS - VALVES OPEN as blood is squeezed through them
47
VENULES often APPEAR...
COLLAPSED in section with an IRREGULAR CONTOUR
48
what project into the lumen of the VENULES
VALVE LEAFLETS - endothelium of valve is continuous with endothelium of venule
49
how is the TUNICA MEDIA in VENULES
INDISTINCT with 1 or 2 LAYERS of SMOOTH MUSCLE CIRCULARLY ARRANGED
50
How is the TUNICA ADVENTITIA of VENULES
THICK and PROMINENT made up of connective tissue
51
MEDIUM VEINS are commonly found with
MUSCULAR ARTERIES
52
VENULES - TUNICA ADVENTITIA is PROMINENT with LARGE AMOUNTS of..
COLLAGEN
53
VASA VESORUM are also found in which VEINS, supplying outer layers (as well as elastic arteries)
LARGE VEINS - large capacity vessels that return blood under low pressure to the heart ie IVC, SVC
54
which LAYER of LARGE VEINS is POORLY DEVELOPED
TUNICA MEDIA few layers of smooth muscle (collagen and some elastic interspersed between them)
55
where can SMOOTH MUSCLE be found in VEINS
TUNICA ADVENTITIA
56
LARGE VEINS how are SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS ARRANGED in TUNICA ADVENTITIA
LONGITUDINALLY arranged fibres with collagen - thickest layer
57
in which vessels do the INTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA APPEAR CORRUGATED
MUSCULAR ARTERIES
58
what is the MOST PROMINENT LAYER in LARGE VEINS
TUNICA ADVENTITIA
59
do MUSCULAR ARTERIES contain both INTERNAL and EXTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA
YES
60
in which VESSELS and the INTERNAL and EXTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA NOT DISTINCT
ELASTIC ARTERIES
61
do ARTERIOLES have INTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA
LARGER ARTERIOLES NOT SMALLER ARTERIOLES (unless thin)
62
TUNICA ADVENTITIA ELASTIC FIBRES BLEND with SURROUNDING CONNECTIVE TISSUE in which VESSELS
ELASTIC and MUSCULAR ARTERIES
63
which VESSELS have only 1 - 2 LAYERS of CIRCULARLY ARRANGED SMOOTH MUSCLE in the TUNICA MEDIA
ARTERIOLES and VENULES

Cardiovascular (16 decks)

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