Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiovascular > 8.4 Arteries and Veins > Flashcards

8.4 Arteries and Veins Flashcards

1
Q

which vessels are EFFERENT

A

ARTERIES - away from heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which vessels are AFFERENT

A

VEINS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how are the PRESSURES in ARTERIES and VEINS

A

ARTERIES - HIGH PRESSURE SYSTEM

VEINS - LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

do ARTERIES or VEINS have THICKER WALLS

A

ARTERIES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

WALLS of BLOOD VESSELS are composed of 3 LAYERS:

A

inner TUNICA INTIMA

TUNICA MEDIA

outer TUNICA ADVENTITIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is usually found at the interface between the TUNICA MEDIA and TUNICA ADVENTITIA

A

EXTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where can the INTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA be found

A

TUNICA INTIMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is found in TUNICA INTIMA

A

ENDOTHELIUM - single layer of simple squamous cells

may have SUBENDOTHELIAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE and INTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does TUNICA MEDIA consist of

A

SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS

may have ELASTIC FIBRE
and EXTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

TYPES of ARTERIES:

A
  1. ELASTIC ARTERY
    ie. Aorta, Pulmonary Arteries, Common Carotid
  2. MUSCULAR ARTERY
    ie Femoral, Brachial, Superior Mesenteric
  3. ARTERIOLES
    smallest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which ARTERIES are the LARGEST and CLOSEST to the HEART

A

ELASTIC ARTERIES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

TYPES of VEINS

A
  1. VENULE
  2. MEDIUM / MUSCULAR VEIN
  3. LARGE VEIN
    ie SVC, IVC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

due to THICKNESS of LARGE VEINS, how are they SUPPLIED with BLOOD

A

via VASA VESORUM in their outer layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

when do ELASTIC ARTERIES EXPAND and RECOIL

A

Expand during VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION / SYSTOLE

Passive Recoil during VENTRICULAR RELAXATION / DIASTOLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ELASTIC ARTERIES
TUNICA INTIMA SUBENDOTHELIAL LAYER of CONNECTIVE TISSUE is composed of:

A

mostly COLLAGEN
& ELASTIC FIBRES

SCATTERED FIBROBLASTS
occasional SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ELASTIC ARTERIES
how is the INTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA

A

NOT DISTINCT

due to numerous layers of ELASTIC tissue within TUNICA MEDIA
- often BLENDS with these elastic fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ELASTIC ARTERIES
TUNICA MEDIA is a THICK LAYER of SMOOTH MUSCLE with ABUNDANT ELASTIC FIBRES (for shape change) arranged in….

A

CIRCUMFERENTIAL SHEETS / LAYERS
(between layers of smooth muscle cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does COLLAGEN give to ARTERIAL WALLS

A

TENSILE STRENGTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

CONTRACTION of SMOOTH MUSCLE in TUNICA MEDIA is CONTROLLED by which nervous system

A

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

sympathetic - vasodilation
parasympathetic - vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how is EXTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA of ELASTIC ARTERIES and why

A

NOT DISTINCT

due to numerous layers of elastic tissue within tunica media hence blends in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ELASTIC ARTERIES
TUNICA ADVENTITIA is LOOSE, IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE with…

A

COLLAGEN FIBRES (LONGITUDINALLY ARRANGED)
and SCATTERED FIBROBLASTS

often interspersed with elastic fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what unique feature is found in TUNICA ADVENTITIA of ELASTIC ARTERIES

A

VASA VASORUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what helps STABILISE the POSITION of ELASTIC ARTERIES

A

FIBRES of TUNICA ADVENTITIA often BLEND INTO SURROUNDING TISSUES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how is the LUMEN of MUSCULAR ARTERIES

A

SMALL in comparison to arterial wall thickness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the THICKEST LAYER of MUSCULAR ARTERIES

A

TUNICA MEDIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

MUSCULAR ARTERIES
INTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA appears….

A

CORRUGATED (with ridges/grooves)

27
Q

MUSCULAR ARTERIES
TUNICA MEDIA - how are SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS ARRANGED

A

in CIRCULAR LAYERS

with some elastin, collagen, occasional fibroblasts and an external elastic lamina

28
Q

MUSCULAR ARTERIES
TUNICA ADVENTITIA composition

A

LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE with LONGITUDINALLY and CIRCUMFERENTIALLY ARRANGED COLLAGEN and ELASTIC FIBRES that blend with surrounding connective tissue

29
Q

SIZE of ARTERIOLES DIAMETER

A

100μm or less

30
Q

ARTERIOLES are …. vessels that mainly REGULATE …

A

SMALL-RESISTANCE VESSELS

that mainly REGULATE SYSTEMIC BLOOD PRESSURE

31
Q

how are ARTERIOLE WALLS relative to the lumen

A

THICK

32
Q

ARTERIOLES can undergo … in response to neural and non-neural stimuli

A

vasoconstriction or vasodilation

33
Q

how is the INTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA in Larger vs Small ARTERIOLES

A

PROMINENT in larger arterioles

THIN or ABSENT in the SMALLEST ARTERIOLES

34
Q

ARTERIOLES
in TUNICA INTIMA ENDOTHELIAL CELLS are resting on…

A

BASAL LAMINA

35
Q

ARTERIOLES
how is the TUNICA MEDIA SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS

A

1-2 LAYERS of CIRCULARLY ARRANGED SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS

smooth muscle action controls systemic blood pressure

36
Q

ARTERIOLES
TUNICA ADVENTITIA how are COLLAGEN and ELASTIC FIBRES ARRANGED

A

LONGITUDINALLY and CIRCUMFERENTIALLY

37
Q

how are the LAYERS in CAPILLARIES

A

TUNICA INTIMA - SINGLE LAYER of ENDOTHELIUM

NO TUNICA MEDIA OR TUNICA ADVENTITIA

38
Q

CAPILLARIES are composed of SINGLE LAYER of ENDOTHELIUM ATTACHED TO….

A

UNDERLYING BASEMENT MEMBRANE
with Scattered PERICYTES

(underlying subendothelial layer of loose connective tissue)

39
Q

name of the CELLS present at intervals along the WALLS of CAPILLARIES that help exchange

A

PERICYTES

40
Q

there are 3 TYPES of CAPILLARIES:

A
  • CONTINUOUS (continuous endothelium)
  • FENESTRATED (small pores in endothelium)
  • SINUSOID (larger pores and discontinuous basement membrane, in liver and spleen)
41
Q

how is WALL THICKNESS in VEINS

A

THIN

42
Q

VEIN WALLS typically have MORE … THAN …

A

MORE COLLAGEN THAN ELASTIC FIBRES
- great tensile strength

43
Q

due to LOW INTRAMURAL PRESSURE what are needed in VEINS

A

VALVES to PREVENT BACKFLOW

44
Q

which LAYER is PROMINENT in VEINS

A

ADVENTITIA

prominent with connective tissue to support weaker veins

45
Q

VENOUS SYSTEM returns blood TO HEART, often AGAINST GRAVITY. how is this achieved:

A
  • VALVES PREVENT BACKFLOW
  • CONTRACTION of THINNER SMOOTH MUSCLE in vein walls
  • CONTRACTION of EXTERNAL SKELETAL MUSCLE, compressing veins (opens valves)
46
Q

what is meant by the SKELETAL MUSCLE PUMP

A

when SURROUNDING SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTRACTS and SQUEEZES VEINS
- VALVES OPEN
as blood is squeezed through them

47
Q

VENULES often APPEAR…

A

COLLAPSED in section with an IRREGULAR CONTOUR

48
Q

what project into the lumen of the VENULES

A

VALVE LEAFLETS
- endothelium of valve is continuous with endothelium of venule

49
Q

how is the TUNICA MEDIA in VENULES

A

INDISTINCT
with 1 or 2 LAYERS of SMOOTH MUSCLE CIRCULARLY ARRANGED

50
Q

How is the TUNICA ADVENTITIA of VENULES

A

THICK and PROMINENT
made up of connective tissue

51
Q

MEDIUM VEINS are commonly found with

A

MUSCULAR ARTERIES

52
Q

VENULES - TUNICA ADVENTITIA is PROMINENT with LARGE AMOUNTS of..

A

COLLAGEN

53
Q

VASA VESORUM are also found in which VEINS, supplying outer layers (as well as elastic arteries)

A

LARGE VEINS

  • large capacity vessels that return blood under low pressure to the heart ie IVC, SVC
54
Q

which LAYER of LARGE VEINS is POORLY DEVELOPED

A

TUNICA MEDIA

few layers of smooth muscle (collagen and some elastic interspersed between them)

55
Q

where can SMOOTH MUSCLE be found in VEINS

A

TUNICA ADVENTITIA

56
Q

LARGE VEINS
how are SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS ARRANGED in TUNICA ADVENTITIA

A

LONGITUDINALLY arranged fibres

with collagen

  • thickest layer
57
Q

in which vessels do the INTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA APPEAR CORRUGATED

A

MUSCULAR ARTERIES

58
Q

what is the MOST PROMINENT LAYER in LARGE VEINS

A

TUNICA ADVENTITIA

59
Q

do MUSCULAR ARTERIES contain both INTERNAL and EXTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA

A

YES

60
Q

in which VESSELS and the INTERNAL and EXTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA NOT DISTINCT

A

ELASTIC ARTERIES

61
Q

do ARTERIOLES have INTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA

A

LARGER ARTERIOLES

NOT SMALLER ARTERIOLES (unless thin)

62
Q

TUNICA ADVENTITIA ELASTIC FIBRES BLEND with SURROUNDING CONNECTIVE TISSUE in which VESSELS

A

ELASTIC and MUSCULAR ARTERIES

63
Q

which VESSELS have only 1 - 2 LAYERS of CIRCULARLY ARRANGED SMOOTH MUSCLE in the TUNICA MEDIA

A

ARTERIOLES and VENULES

Cardiovascular (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions