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Cardiovascular > 2. Anatomy of Circulation I (HARC) > Flashcards

2. Anatomy of Circulation I (HARC) Flashcards

1
Q

what is the name of the CENTRAL compartment of the THORACIC CAVITY

A

MEDIASTINUM

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2
Q

what make the LATERAL BOUNDARIES of the MEDIASTINUM

A

RIGHT and LEFT PLEURAL CAVITIES (between visceral and parietal pleura - surround lungs)

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3
Q

what makes the ANTERIOR BOUNDARY of the MEDIASTINUM

A

STERNUM

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4
Q

what makes the POSTERIOR BOUNDARY of the MEDIASTINUM

A

VERTEBRAL BODIES

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5
Q

what makes the SUPERIOR BOUNDARY of the MEDIASTINUM

A

SUPERIOR THORACIC APERTURUE (opening)

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6
Q

what makes the INFERIOR BOUNDARY of the MEDIASTINUM

A

DIAPHRAGM

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7
Q

where is the MEDIASTINUM DIVIDED into SUPERIOR and INFERIOR MEDIASTINUM

A

in STERNAL PLANE

  • STERNAL ANGLE (angle of louis/manubriosternal joint)
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8
Q

INFERIOR MEDIASTINUM is SUBDIVIDED by the PERICARDIUM into:

A
  • ANTERIOR MEDIASTINUM
  • MIDDLE MEDIASTINUM
  • POSTERIOR MEDIASTINUM

(in relation to pericardium)

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9
Q

CONTENTS of ANTERIOR MEDIASTINUM
(bounded by sternum and pericardium)

A

THYMUS GLAND

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10
Q

CONTENTS of MIDDLE MEDIASTINUM
(bounded by pericardium)

A
  • PERICARDIUM
  • HEART
  • ORIGIN of GREAT VESSELS ie Aorta
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11
Q

CONTENTS of POSTERIOR MEDIASTINUM
(bound by pericardium and diaphragm, and by vertebral bodies posteriorly)

A
  • THORACIC (DESCENDING) AORTA
  • OESOPHAGUS
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12
Q

some CONTENTS of SUPERIOR MEDIASTINUM

A
  • ARCH OF AORTA
  • SVC
  • TRACHEA
  • OESOPHAGUS
  • THYMUS
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13
Q

DESCENDING AORTA is found in the …. MEDIASTINUM

A

POSTERIOR

(INFERIOR)

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14
Q

HEART is found in the … MEDIASTINUM

A

MIDDLE

(INFERIOR)

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15
Q

what are the 2 parts of the PERICARDIUM

A
  • OUTER FIBROUS Pericardium
  • INNER SEROUS Pericardium
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16
Q

roles of FIBROUS PERICARDIUM (outer)

A

tough outer layer

  • PREVENTS OVERFILLING of HEART (physical limit of heart size)
  • FIXES the HEART in POSITION in the MEDIASTINUM VIA ATTACHMENTS to surrounding structures
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17
Q

which which ATTACHMENTS to FIBROUS PERICARDIUM is HEART kept in place

A
  • PERICARDIOPHRENIC LIGAMENTS
    to central DIAPHRAGM
  • STERNOPERICARDIAL LIGAMENTS
    anteriorly to the deep surface of STERNUM
  • TUNICA ADVENTITIA of GREAT VESSELS
    (continuity of the pericardium with adventitia of great vessels)
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18
Q

SEROUS PERICARDIUM (INNER) is THINNER with which 2 parts:

A

PARIETAL and VISCERAL LAYERS

parietal - lining INNER surface
visceral - stuck to heart

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19
Q

what is BETWEEN the PARIETAL and VISCERAL LAYERS of the SEROUS PERICARDIUM

A

PERICARDIAL CAVITY

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20
Q

what does PERICARDIAL CAVITY contain and why

A

LUBRICATING SERPUS FLUID

  • MINIMISES FRICTION for MOVEMENT of the HEART during CONTRACTION
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21
Q

SURFACES of the HEART:

A
  • RIGHT and LEFT PULMONARY surfaces
  • STERNOCOSTAL SURFACE (anterior)
  • DIAPHRAGMATIC SURFACE (inferior)
  • BASE (posterior)
  • APEX
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22
Q

name for the INFERIOR SURFACE of the HEART

A

DIAPHRAGMATIC SURFACE

-where heart sits on diaphragm

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23
Q

name of ANTERIOR SURFACE of the HEART

A

STERNOCOSTAL SURFACE

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24
Q

name of POSTERIOR SURFACE of the HEART

A

BASE

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25
Q

Openings for the SVC, IVC and CORONARY SINUS returning blood are found where

A

in the RIGHT ATRIUM

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26
Q

name of the CONE-SHAPED POUCH that overlies the ROOT of the AORTA on the RIGHT ATRIUM

A

RIGHT AURICLE

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27
Q

SMOOTH WALLED region of RIGHT ATRIUM is called

A

SINUS VENARUM

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28
Q

REMNANT of the Embryological FORAMEN OVALE is found where and what is it called

A

in RIGHT ATRIUM

  • FOSSA OVALIS
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29
Q

MUSCULAR RIDGES on ATRIAL WALL (anterior to crista terminalis) is called

A

MUSCULI PECTINATI

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30
Q

MUSCULAR RIDGE that separates the muscular and smooth portions of the RIGHT ATRIUM, extending between openings of SVC and IVC is called

A

CRISTA TERMINALIS

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31
Q

what PREVENTS BACKFLOW of BLOOD from the PULMONARY TRUNK (back intro RIGHT VENTRICLE)

A

PULMONARY VALVE with 3 semi-lunar CUSPS (Anterior, Right, Left)

as blood recoils back down it FILLS SINUSES and
CUSPS SNAP SHUT

32
Q

MUSCULAR, IRREGULAR STRUCTURES on the VENTRICULAR WALLS are called

A

TRABECULAE CARNEAE

33
Q

name of the OUTFLOW TRACT of the RIGHT VENTRICLE leading to the Pulmonary Trunk (smooth walled)

A

INFINDIBULUM

34
Q

MUSCLES found in the RIGHT VENTRICLE

A

PAPILLARY MUSCLES

3 types:
- Septal
- Anterior
- Posterior

35
Q

what is found at the RIGHT ATRIOVENTRICULAR ORIFICE to PREVENT BACKFLOW

A

TRICUSPID VALVE

with 3 cusps : Septal, Anterior & Posterior

36
Q

what is found at the LEFT ATRIOVENTRICULAR ORIFICE to PREVENT BACKFLOW

A

BICUSPID / MITRAL VALVE

with 2 cusps: Anterior & Posterior

37
Q

how are the CUSPS of the TRICUSPID or BICUSPID VALVES CONNECTED to the PAPILLARY MUSCLES to help them shut

A

by CHORDAE TENDINEAE

38
Q

name of the SPECIALISED TRABECULUM forming a BRIDGE between the INTERVENTRICULAR WALL and the BASE of the ANTERIOR PAPILLARY MUSCLE
- RIGHT VENTRICLE

A

SEPTOMARGINAL TRABECULA

39
Q

in VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION, what causes the ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVE to SHUT (tricuspid/bicuspid) to PREVENT BACKFLOW from atria, although blood pressure acts against the inverted cusps (upwards)

A

PAPILLARY MUSCLES CONTRACT

CHORDAE TENDINEAE are TENSED

  • attachment to the chordae tendineae prevents the cusps being everted into the atrium
40
Q

SMALL MUSCULAR POUCH containing MUSCULI PECTINATI on the LEFT ATRIUM is called

A

LEFT AURICLE

41
Q

BLOOD enters VENTRICLE from ATRI VIA..

A

RIGHT/LEFT ATRIOVENTRICULAR ORIFICE

42
Q

OPENINGS for …. are found in the LEFT ATRIUM

A

4 PULMONARY VEINS
(left and right superior/inferior)

43
Q

on the OPPOSING side of the FOSSA OVALIS (right atrium) what is found in the LEFT ATRIUM

A

VALVE of FORMAEN OVALE

(prevented blood passing from left to right atrium in development)

44
Q

how many PAPILLARY MUSCLES in the LEFT VENTRICLE

A

2

  • Anterior & Posterior

for 2 Cusps (Bicuspid valvle)

45
Q

VALVE that PREVENTS BACKFLOW as BLOOD passes out of the LEFT VENTRICLE

A

AORTIC VALVE

  • 3 SEMI-LUNAR CUSPS
    right, left, posterior
46
Q

BACKFLOW of BLOOD in the Aorta CLOSES the AORTIC VALVE and what subsequently happens

A

BLOOD FILLS CORONARY ARTERIES (supply the heart)

  • arising from left and right aortic sinuses
47
Q

SEPTOMARGINAL TRABECULA is found where in the heart

A

RIGHT VENTRICLE

48
Q

in which chamber of the heart is the INFINDIBULUM

A

RIGHT VENTRICLE

49
Q

SEPTOMARGINAL TRABECULA CONNECTS the INTERVENTRICULAR WALL to…

A

the BASE of the ANTERIOR PAPILLARY MUSCLE

50
Q

where is the REMNANT of the FORAMEN OVALE found

A

RIGHT ATRIUM (fossa ovalis)

51
Q

name of SULCUS SEPARATING ATRIA and VENTRICLES

A

CORONARY SULCUS

52
Q

name of SULCUS SEPARATING VENTRICLES on the STERNOCOSTAL SURFACE

A

ANTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR GROOVE / SULCUS

53
Q

name of the SULCUS SEPARATING VENTRICLES on the DIAPHRAGMATIC SURFACE

A

POSTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR GROOVE / SULCUS

54
Q

where does the RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY ORIGINATE from

A

RIGHT AORTIC SINUS

55
Q

where is the RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY

A

follows the CORONARY SULCUS

56
Q

BRANCHES of the RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY

A

SINU-ATRIAL BRANCH

POSTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR BRANCH
(in posterior interventricular sulcus)

RIGHT MARGINAL BRANCH (inferior margin)

57
Q

what does the RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY SUPPLY

A
  • RIGHT ATRIUM and MOST RIGHT VENTRICLE
  • DIAPHRAGMATIC part of LEFT VENTRICLE
  • POSTERIOR 1/3 of INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM
  • SINU-ATRIAL (60% people) and ATRIO-VENTRICULAR NODES (80-90%)
58
Q

where does the LEFT ARTERY ORIGINATE from

A

from LEFT AORTIC SINUS

59
Q

where does the LEFT CORONARY ARTERY pass

A

between the PULMONARY TRUNK and LEFT AURICLE

60
Q

BRANCHES of the LEFT CORONARY ARTERY

A
  • CIRCUMFLEX ARTERY
    (coronary sulcus)
    -> gives rise to LEFT MARGINAL BRANCH
  • ANTERIOR INTERVENTRICUALR BRANCH
    (in anterior interventricular sulcus)
    -> gives rise to DIAGONAL BRANCH
61
Q

what does the LEFT CORONARY ARTERY SUPPLY

A
  • LEFT ATRIUM and MOST LEFT VENTRICLE
  • PARTIALLY RIGHT VENTRICLE
  • ANTERIOR 2/3 INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM
  • AV BUNDLE
  • sinu-atrial node (in 40%) and AV node (in 10-20%)
62
Q

what supplies the POSTERIOR 1/3 of INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM

A

RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY

63
Q

what supplies the AV BUNDLE

A

LEFT CORONARY ARTERY

64
Q

CIRCUMFLEX is a BRANCH of which CORONARY ARTERY

A

LEFT CORONARY ARTERY

65
Q

ANTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR is a BRANCH of which CORONARY ARTERY

A

LEFT CORONARY ARTERY

66
Q

POSTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR is a BRANCH of which CORONARY ARTERY

A

RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY

67
Q

RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY supplies which part of the LEFT VENTRICLE

A

DIAPHRAGMATIC part

68
Q

DIAGONAL BRANCH arises from..

A

ANTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR BRANCH

of LEFT CORONARY ARTERY

69
Q

how much of the INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM does the LEFT CORONARY ARTERY supply

A

ANTERIOR 2/3rd

70
Q

CORONARY VEINS

A
  • CORONARY SINUS (posterior)
  • GREAT CARDIAC VEIN (alongside anterior interventricular artery in anterior interventricular groove)
  • POSTERIOR CARDIAC VEIN
  • MIDDLE CARDIAC VEIN (alongside posterior interventricular artery in posterior interventricular septum)
  • SMALL CARDIAC VEIN (alongside right coronary artery)
  • RIGHT MARGINAL VEIN
  • ANTERIOR VEINS of RIGHT VENTRICLE
71
Q

GREAT CARDIAC VEIN ENLARGES to form …

A

CORONARY SINUS

72
Q

CORONARY/CARDIAC VEINS DRAIN into..

A

CORONARY SINUS

(returns to RIGHT ATRIUM)

73
Q

which VEIN runs ALONGSIDE the ANTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR ARTERY

A

GREAT CARDIAC VEIN

74
Q

which VEIN runs ALONGSIDE the POSTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR ARTERY

A

MIDDLE CARDIAC VEIN

75
Q

which VEIN runs ALONGSIDE the RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY

A

SMALL CARDIAC VEIN

Cardiovascular (16 decks)

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