8.4 #1 Flashcards
1
Q
Germany and Soviet Union attacking Poland
A
- germany used BLITZKRIEG to attack poland
- they used their army to break through Polish lines and surround them
- SOVIET UNION also attacked
- within four weeks, poland surrendered
- germany and poland then divided poland between themselves
2
Q
France and Britain preparing for WWII
A
- they knew that the war would cause them to lose a lot of men and economic blockade
- so they decided to go on DEFENSE
- they prepared by building defensive walls along its border with germany
3
Q
Timeline for Hitler’s attack in the WEST
A
- phony war
- hitler attack NORWAY and DENMARK using BLITZKRIEG (win for germany)
- hitler attacked netherlands, belgium, and NORTHERN france
- the miracle of dunkirk happened during this time
- germany attacked SOUTHERN france
- overall: germany had control of western and central europe (not britain though)
4
Q
phony war
A
-period of time during the WINTER where there was no fighting but WAITING
5
Q
Hitler’s attack on netherlands, belgium, and NORTHERN france
A
- germany moved into BELGIUM, making it seem like they were going to france like in WWI
- germany moved into luxembourg and ardennes
- they destroyed the french armies, went through NORTHERN france there are reached the ENGLISH CHANNEL
- by this time belgium surrendered and british and french forces were trapped in DUNKIRK
- germany ordered the air force to drop bombs
- this was ineffective and the allies were able to exacuate
- this was all called the “miracle of dunkirk”
6
Q
miracle of dunkirk
A
- happened when germany attacked netherlands, belgium, and france
- by this time belgium surrendered and british and french forces were trapped in DUNKIRK
- germany ordered the air force to drop bombs
- this was ineffective and the allies were able to exacuate
7
Q
Hitler’s attack on SOUTHERN france
A
- germany attacked southern france
- ITALY declared war on france
- france surrendered
- germany occupied france (3/5s)
- marshal petain established the VICHY FRANCE
8
Q
Vichy france
A
- authoritarian regime
- established by marshal petain
- created after germany occupied southern france
- it was seen as an nazi puppet state
9
Q
Marshal Petain
A
-created vichy france
10
Q
Change from Neville CHamberlain to Winston Churchill
A
- neville was “peace peace peace!”
- churchill was hard line policy and “no compromise!”
- churchill was made prime minister
11
Q
Britain and Germany overall
A
- hitler needed british to make peace so he could fulfill lebensraum
- but with churchill as prime minister, britain refused
- hitler now had to invade britain
12
Q
Britain and Germany (air control)
A
- hitler realized he needed to gain control of the air
- so he sent his air force (luftwaffe) to bomb britain
- britain had used TECHNOLOGY (radar system) to predict/ warn about german attacks
- however, british suffered loses
- they were saved because hitler changed their plan into massively bomb britain
- britain rebuilt their air strength and inflicted losses on luftwaffe
- this caused germany to postpone their invasion of britain
13
Q
Germany and Mediterranean
A
- germany wanted to capture egypt and suez canal in order to shut off british ships from going there (oil)
- he sent italians to north africa, but the british defeated them
- this whole plan didn’t really work because hitler was more focused on attacking russia
- hitler did send troops to north africa though
14
Q
Hitler’s plan for Russia
A
- hitler didn’t want an two front war
- but he through that britain only fought because they expected russian support
- if the soviet union could be crushed, britain’s last hope would be smashed
- hitler knew that he could defeat russia quickly
- but trouble in the balkans delayed the invasion of russia
15
Q
Hitler and the Balkans
A
- the balkans were upset with germany’s gains in the southeast
- so italy (balkans were in italian sphere of influence) attacked greece
- they were defeated
- this caused the southern flank to be exposed to britain air bases
- hitler then attacked yugoslavia and greece (germany won)
16
Q
Hitler in Russia
A
- hitler had UNDERESTIMATED the russian army
- they advanced rapidly
- but they couldn’t eliminated the soviet army nor did the soviet state collapse (this was their main goal)
- the winter and unexpected soviet resistance brought the german advance to an halt
- many wanted to retreat and regroup for the spring, but hitler refused
- the soviet then counterattacked and this ended it
17
Q
The War in Asia
A
- japan bombed pearl harbour and attacked philippines and malaya
- USA declared war on japan
- hitler then declared war on USA
- japan attacked dutch east indies and islands in the pacific ocean
- almost all of southeast asia and western pacific was controlled by japan
- japan created the great east asia co-prosperity sphere
- japan needed resources so they put them under wartime basis
18
Q
great east asia co-prosperity sphere
A
- it put entire region under japanese guardship
- announced intention to liberate colonial areas of southeast asia from western control
19
Q
Japan and USA
A
- japan thought USA would accept japanese domination of pacific after bombing them
- however! in the USA, people agreed to roosevelt’s wartime policy , coming out of ISOLATION
- USA joined with european nations and china to defeat japan
20
Q
The Grand Alliance
A
- britain, USA, soviet union
- they had to do 2 things in order to become an effective alliance
- with germany declaring war on US, the allies now! know that the first priority was to defeat germany
- the military wanted to stress the military operations INSTEAD of postwar settlement
- they agreed to fight until the axis surrendered UNCONDITIONALLY
- the effect is had was uniting the Grand Alliance, not allowing hitler to “divide his foes”
21
Q
Timeline: 1942-1943 (north africa)
A
- italians were defeated by british in north africa
- hitler sent GENERAL ERWIN ROMMEL to libya
- he reached the EGYPTIAN frontier and broke through the british defense
- started heading towards Alexandria
- german troops also captured CRIMEA
- however! british troops stopped rommel at EL ALAMEIN
- then allied forces invaded north africa and forced germans and italians to surrender
- during this whole time the BATTLE OF NORTH ATLANTIC was happening
- the battle of north atlantic ended when new devices allowed allies to destroy german submarines
- BATTLE OF STALINGRAD
- BATTLE OF MIDWAY
22
Q
General Erwin Rommel
A
- timeline:
- italians were defeated by british in north africa
- hitler sent GENERAL ERWIN ROMMEL to libya
- he reached the EGYPTIAN frontier and broke through the british defense
- started heading towards Alexandria
- german troops also captured CRIMEA
- however! british troops stopped rommel at EL ALAMEIN
- then allied forces invaded north africa and forced germans and italians to surrender
23
Q
El Alamein
A
- -italians were defeated by british in north africa
- hitler sent GENERAL ERWIN ROMMEL to libya
- he reached the EGYPTIAN frontier and broke through the british defense
- started heading towards Alexandria
- german troops also captured CRIMEA
- however! british troops stopped rommel at EL ALAMEIN
24
Q
Battle of North Atlantic
A
- german submarines attacked allied ships carrying supplies to great britain
- the battle of north atlantic ended when new devices allowed allies to destroy german submarines
25
Battle of Stalingrad
- hitler captured crimea
- he then wanted to captured Stalingrad
- soviet army had surrounded the german forces
- hitler didn’t allow the german forces to break out
- finally because of the winter and soviet attacks, the germans surrendered
26
Battle of MIdway
- americans stopped japanese from advancing and relieved austria from invasion
- battle of midway: americans destroyed japanese aircrafts and established american naval superiority in pacific
- allied forces were GATHERING for offensives
27
Last years of the War in Italy
- axis surrendered in tunisia
- they crossed the mediterranean and went to italy
- they took sicily and went to the mainland
- during this time, mussolini was arrested, but the germans liberated him
- he was made the head of an puppet german state in northern italy
- germans occupied the rest of italy
- it was hard for the allies to go up the italian peninsula
28
Last years of the war (allies advances west)
- allies landed in normandy
- they pushed inland and broke through german defensive lines
- they moved south and east
- liberated paris
- battle of bulge
- crossed the rhine river
- met with soviets in northern germany
29
Normandy invasion
- led by dwight d. eisenhower
| - they tricked the germans
30
Eisenhower
-led the normandy invasion
31
Battle of Bulge
- allies landed in normandy
- they pushed inland and broke through german defensive lines
- they moved south and east
- liberated paris
- battle of bulge
- crossed the rhine river
- met with soviets in northern germany
- they had SUPPLY PROBLEMS which caused them to slow down, but they still crossed the rhine river
32
Last Years of the War in Soviet Union
- battle of stalingrad
- hitler took an change in being the OFFENSE while using TANKS
- battle of KURSK (germany lost)
- soviets moved westward
- one front was moving south (moving towards baltic states)
- one front was moving north (warsaw and berlin)
33
Battle of Kursk
- battle of stalingrad
- hitler took an change in being the OFFENSE while using TANKS
- battle of KURSK
- germany lost greatly
34
Last Years of the War in Japan
- american was on OFFENSE
- they advanced slowly across the pacific
- they took a toll of enemy resources
- Truman thought invading the japanese homeland would cause heavy casualties
- so they bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki
35
WWII time line: 1939-1941
- germany AND soviet union attacked poland
- poland surrenders and is divided up
- attack in the west
- churchill is prime minister
- britain and germany fighting (battle of britain)
- germany and mediterranean
- germany and the balkans
- germany and russia
- pearl harbor
- USA enters the war
- the war in asia
36
WWII time line: 1942-1943 (TURNING POINT!)
- axis invade north africa (rommel)
- germany captures crimea
- battle of north atlantic
- battle of midway (turning point!)
- allied forces invade north africa (turning point!)
- battle of stalingrad (turning point!)
37
Last Years of the War
- allies advances in the west (normandy)
- battle of the bulge
- soviet union in the east
- battle of kursk
- italy
- hitler commits suicide
- germany surrenders
- atomic bomb on hiroshima and nagasaki
- japan surrenders
38
Turning point of WWII
- 1942-1943
- battles were:
- battle of midway
- allied forces invade north africa
- battle of stalingrad
- it happened after the fall of 1942
