8.3

Question 1

Hitler’s foreign policy before 1933

Answer 1

• he believed an pure Aryan state was to be built
• but! the SLAVS were starting to getting BIGGER and learning GERMAN technology
• therefore, the slavs were threatening the germans, so he wanted to get POWERFUL
• keep in mind he liked LEBENSRAUM
• the lebensraum said to go EAST for land (instead of south and west)
• he believed the RUSSIAN REVOLUTION caused russia to be weak, which to him was a opportunity
• his idea was CLEAR (he wrote them down!) 1. CONQUER russia 2. germans RESETTLED russia 3. SLAVS will be slaves
• hitler then decided “we must have war with russia!”

Question 2

Lebensraum

Answer 2

• belief that a nation’s power depended on the amount and kind of LAND it occupied
• it said to go east (russia)

Question 3

Hitler’s outcome of his foreign policy after 1933

Answer 3

• chaos and pressure came out in hitler’s regime
• this caused hitler to STRAY from his original policy
• he started to do slave labour and mass extermination
• however! he always believed in an RACIAL SUPREMACY and EMPIRE

Question 4

People’s Opinions/Support of Hitler’s foreign policy (1933-1939)

Answer 4

• before WWI, german elites wanted to expand germany, so it could remain an strong power
• after WWI, they couldn’t do this because they were crushed
• then when hitler came along, german people supported his idea because they wanted german expansion
• however, after 1937, they didn’t support it because of slave labour and mass extermination

Question 5

Germany during 1933

Answer 5

• germany was weak…
• 1. demilitarized zone, so france could just walk in
• 2. eastern states had defensive treaties with france
• 3. germany’s army was weak
• he knew that britain and france didn’t want another war
• he also knew germany was vulnerable being weak because of treaty of versailles
• so in order to get the restrictions of versailles treaty lifted off, he would prevent france from acting against germany for a few years
• so he started to convince others that his intentions were PEACEFUL saying that he wanted to revise the treaty through PEACE
• he then withdrew germany from the league of nations to make germans feel independent and free of control

Question 6

Germany during 1934 (renarment)

Answer 6

• hitler thought he could break the treaty of versailles without serious british french opposition
• he also knew britain and french wanted to maintain their international status quo without force
• was he announced he was rearming germany
• britain, france, and italy warned germany to not break the treaty of versailles, but it wasn’t written in stone
• then britain said yes to an treaty that allowed germany to build an navy (appeasement)

Question 7

Appeasement

Answer 7

• a example is britain saying yes to an treaty that allowed germany to build an navy after hitler announced he was rearming germany
• it was a idea that said “how about we give the other countries what they want, they’ll be happy, and there will be peace!”

Question 8

Germany during 1935 (occupation of rhineland)

Answer 8

• this event reinforced his idea that european powers didn’t want to use force to maintain the treaty of versailles
• this event also showed how hitler was convinced of his superior abilities although generals didn’t like this plan
• hitler occupied rhineland
• the treaty said that france could use force against the violation of rhineland, but they didn’t (no british support)

Question 9

Germany during 1936

Answer 9

• hitler began to have new alliances
• 1. … with italy by invading ETHIOPIA (rome-berlin axis)
• 2. … with japan
• diplomatic revolution was achieved

Question 10

Diplomatic Revolution

Answer 10

• what was achieved…
• 1. rearmament of germany
• 2. occupation of rhineland
• 3. new alliances
• the treaty of versailles was scraped
• germany was a world power
• he now knows that the european powers don’t want to use war /want peace even when they have power and germany was weak
• now with germany strong, they REALLY don’t want to use war

Question 11

Rome-Berlin Axis

Answer 11

-treaty of germany and mussolini during 1935

Question 12

Ongoing rearmament from 1937-1939

Answer 12

• they were preparing for BLITZKRIEG warfare
• they used mechanized columns and warfare to go through battlelines
• it needed an large air force, tanks, trucks to carry guns which formed the PANZER DIVISION

Question 13

Blitzkrieg

Answer 13

• new type of warfare that germany was preparing for
• it was supposed to be QUICK
• they used mechanized columns and warfare to go through battlelines
• it needed an large air force, tanks, trucks to carry guns which formed the PANZER DIVISION

Question 14

Luftwaffe

Answer 14

• german air force

- art of blitzkrieg warfare

Question 15

Panzer division

Answer 15

-consisted of large air force, tanks, trucks to carry guns

Question 16

Germany and Britain from 1937-1939

Answer 16

• the prime minister (neville chamberlain) was a supporter of appeasement
• he wouldn’t oppose anything if it was carried out peacefully
• this event reinforced his idea that european powers didn’t want to use force to maintain the treaty of versailles

Question 17

Neville Chamberlain

Answer 17

• the prime minister (neville chamberlain) was a supporter of appeasement
• he wouldn’t oppose anything if it was carried out peacefully
• this event reinforced his idea that european powers didn’t want to use force to maintain the treaty of versailles

Question 18

Austria and Germany from 1937-1939

Answer 18

• hitler threatened the austrian chancellor to put an austrian nazi in charge
• so with an austrian nazi in charge, hitler went into austria unopposed on an LEGAL BASIS (leader of government of an nazi and needed german troops)
• hitler then annexed austria to germany

Question 19

Czechoslovakia and Germany from 1937-1939

Answer 19

• sudetenland had germans living there, important frontier defenses and had resources
• germany at first wanted the FREEDOM of sudetenland
• then hitler asked for the yielding of sudetenland and was willing to start a war for it
• throughout this whole time, hitler knew that france and britain wouldn’t defend czechoslovakia
• czechoslovakia did have an pact with france, but france won’t fight without britain (… who doesn’t want to fight)
• this causes the Munich Conference to meet
• hitler said it was his last demand, but it wasn’t
• he then deliberately created disorder and entered czech lands
• he declared their independence of the czechs

Question 20

Munich Conference

Answer 20

• this met after britain won’t fight, causing france not wanting to fight without britain, causing no defense for czechoslovakia
• it met hitler’s demands which were allowing german troops come into sudetenland
• chamberlain thought he could preserve peace by appeasing hitler and giving in to his demands
• hitler now made plans to attack poland
• hitler promised he made his last demands
• after the conference, he occupied czechoslovakia

Question 21

Sudetenland

Answer 21

-the land that germany wanted from czechoslovakia

Question 22

Poland and Germany from 1937-1939

Answer 22

• after czechoslovakia incident, western states REACTED to hitler
• hitler wanted a port in poland, which would break the treaty of versailles
• so britain offered to protect poland
• also france and britain tried to make a alliance the soviet union
• however! hitler didn’t want an two-front so he made an non-aggression pact with stalin
• this caused there to be two spheres of influence (germany had western poland)
• this allowed germany to invade
• germany invaded poland, britain and france declared war, soviet union sent troops to poland

Question 23

Japan up till the 1930s

Answer 23

• defeated china, russia, and go lands in germany after WWI
• all together it had korea, taiwan, manchuria, marshall, caroline, and mariana islands
• political democracy was growing
• everything was going great!

Question 24

Japan during the 1930s

Answer 24

• they were devastated politically and economically
• its population exploded
• it fed its population through making heavy industrial goods and textiles
• political democracy was stunted because nationalists wanted to spread the empire and the military basically controlled the government

Question 25

Japan

Answer 25

• they first seized manchuria, but the league of nations condemned it
• then later on, they consolidated its hold on manchuria and expanded its control in north china. at this time japanese military controlled the government (no political democracy)
• japanese continues to move south
• chiang kai-shek tried to appease japan by promising them control over chinese area. originally chinese and japanese conflict was resolved through chinese giving japan authority
• but they kept on going and seized the chinese capital (nanjing)
• chinese were starting to get very mad
• chiang kai-shek moved his government upriver to hankou

Question 26

Japan’s Goals in East Asia

Answer 26

• they wanted to move chiang to japanese dominated new order in east asia (japan, manchuria,and china)
• they wanted to seize soviet siberia
• they wanted to guide its asian neighbors on a path to development and prosperity

Question 27

Change of Japan’s Goals

Answer 27

• now that germany and soviet union have an pact, japan can’t defeat soviet union ALONE and get land
• so they looked to the resources of the southeast (dutch east indies, malaya, burma, indochina)
• however this was risky because of european colonial powers (britain and france) and USA

Question 28

Japan and USA

Answer 28

• japan knew it was risky to move south because of european colonial powers (britain and france) and USA
• japan took vietnam
• america responded by cutting off sales to japan
• then japanese leaders knew they would have to respond by attacking american naval fleet (pearl harbor)

Question 29

Reasons why democracies failed to act

Answer 29

• great depression forced USA, great britain, and france to focus on domestic issues
• horrific loss of life in WWI created a deep desire for peace
• american isolationists believed that US involvement in WWI had been a mistake
• democracies repeatedly underestimated hitler’s thirst for power and conquest