8.3 Flashcards
1
Q
Hitler’s foreign policy before 1933
A
- he believed an pure Aryan state was to be built
- but! the SLAVS were starting to getting BIGGER and learning GERMAN technology
- therefore, the slavs were threatening the germans, so he wanted to get POWERFUL
- keep in mind he liked LEBENSRAUM
- the lebensraum said to go EAST for land (instead of south and west)
- he believed the RUSSIAN REVOLUTION caused russia to be weak, which to him was a opportunity
- his idea was CLEAR (he wrote them down!) 1. CONQUER russia 2. germans RESETTLED russia 3. SLAVS will be slaves
- hitler then decided “we must have war with russia!”
2
Q
Lebensraum
A
- belief that a nation’s power depended on the amount and kind of LAND it occupied
- it said to go east (russia)
3
Q
Hitler’s outcome of his foreign policy after 1933
A
- chaos and pressure came out in hitler’s regime
- this caused hitler to STRAY from his original policy
- he started to do slave labour and mass extermination
- however! he always believed in an RACIAL SUPREMACY and EMPIRE
4
Q
People’s Opinions/Support of Hitler’s foreign policy (1933-1939)
A
- before WWI, german elites wanted to expand germany, so it could remain an strong power
- after WWI, they couldn’t do this because they were crushed
- then when hitler came along, german people supported his idea because they wanted german expansion
- however, after 1937, they didn’t support it because of slave labour and mass extermination
5
Q
Germany during 1933
A
- germany was weak…
- demilitarized zone, so france could just walk in
- eastern states had defensive treaties with france
- germany’s army was weak
- he knew that britain and france didn’t want another war
- he also knew germany was vulnerable being weak because of treaty of versailles
- so in order to get the restrictions of versailles treaty lifted off, he would prevent france from acting against germany for a few years
- so he started to convince others that his intentions were PEACEFUL saying that he wanted to revise the treaty through PEACE
- he then withdrew germany from the league of nations to make germans feel independent and free of control
6
Q
Germany during 1934 (renarment)
A
- hitler thought he could break the treaty of versailles without serious british french opposition
- he also knew britain and french wanted to maintain their international status quo without force
- was he announced he was rearming germany
- britain, france, and italy warned germany to not break the treaty of versailles, but it wasn’t written in stone
- then britain said yes to an treaty that allowed germany to build an navy (appeasement)
7
Q
Appeasement
A
- a example is britain saying yes to an treaty that allowed germany to build an navy after hitler announced he was rearming germany
- it was a idea that said “how about we give the other countries what they want, they’ll be happy, and there will be peace!”
8
Q
Germany during 1935 (occupation of rhineland)
A
- this event reinforced his idea that european powers didn’t want to use force to maintain the treaty of versailles
- this event also showed how hitler was convinced of his superior abilities although generals didn’t like this plan
- hitler occupied rhineland
- the treaty said that france could use force against the violation of rhineland, but they didn’t (no british support)
9
Q
Germany during 1936
A
- hitler began to have new alliances
- … with italy by invading ETHIOPIA (rome-berlin axis)
- … with japan
- diplomatic revolution was achieved
10
Q
Diplomatic Revolution
A
- what was achieved…
- rearmament of germany
- occupation of rhineland
- new alliances
- the treaty of versailles was scraped
- germany was a world power
- he now knows that the european powers don’t want to use war /want peace even when they have power and germany was weak
- now with germany strong, they REALLY don’t want to use war
11
Q
Rome-Berlin Axis
A
-treaty of germany and mussolini during 1935
12
Q
Ongoing rearmament from 1937-1939
A
- they were preparing for BLITZKRIEG warfare
- they used mechanized columns and warfare to go through battlelines
- it needed an large air force, tanks, trucks to carry guns which formed the PANZER DIVISION
13
Q
Blitzkrieg
A
- new type of warfare that germany was preparing for
- it was supposed to be QUICK
- they used mechanized columns and warfare to go through battlelines
- it needed an large air force, tanks, trucks to carry guns which formed the PANZER DIVISION
14
Q
Luftwaffe
A
- german air force
- art of blitzkrieg warfare
15
Q
Panzer division
A
-consisted of large air force, tanks, trucks to carry guns
16
Q
Germany and Britain from 1937-1939
A
- the prime minister (neville chamberlain) was a supporter of appeasement
- he wouldn’t oppose anything if it was carried out peacefully
- this event reinforced his idea that european powers didn’t want to use force to maintain the treaty of versailles
17
Q
Neville Chamberlain
A
- the prime minister (neville chamberlain) was a supporter of appeasement
- he wouldn’t oppose anything if it was carried out peacefully
- this event reinforced his idea that european powers didn’t want to use force to maintain the treaty of versailles
18
Q
Austria and Germany from 1937-1939
A
- hitler threatened the austrian chancellor to put an austrian nazi in charge
- so with an austrian nazi in charge, hitler went into austria unopposed on an LEGAL BASIS (leader of government of an nazi and needed german troops)
- hitler then annexed austria to germany
19
Q
Czechoslovakia and Germany from 1937-1939
A
- sudetenland had germans living there, important frontier defenses and had resources
- germany at first wanted the FREEDOM of sudetenland
- then hitler asked for the yielding of sudetenland and was willing to start a war for it
- throughout this whole time, hitler knew that france and britain wouldn’t defend czechoslovakia
- czechoslovakia did have an pact with france, but france won’t fight without britain (… who doesn’t want to fight)
- this causes the Munich Conference to meet
- hitler said it was his last demand, but it wasn’t
- he then deliberately created disorder and entered czech lands
- he declared their independence of the czechs
20
Q
Munich Conference
A
- this met after britain won’t fight, causing france not wanting to fight without britain, causing no defense for czechoslovakia
- it met hitler’s demands which were allowing german troops come into sudetenland
- chamberlain thought he could preserve peace by appeasing hitler and giving in to his demands
- hitler now made plans to attack poland
- hitler promised he made his last demands
- after the conference, he occupied czechoslovakia
21
Q
Sudetenland
A
-the land that germany wanted from czechoslovakia
22
Q
Poland and Germany from 1937-1939
A
- after czechoslovakia incident, western states REACTED to hitler
- hitler wanted a port in poland, which would break the treaty of versailles
- so britain offered to protect poland
- also france and britain tried to make a alliance the soviet union
- however! hitler didn’t want an two-front so he made an non-aggression pact with stalin
- this caused there to be two spheres of influence (germany had western poland)
- this allowed germany to invade
- germany invaded poland, britain and france declared war, soviet union sent troops to poland
23
Q
Japan up till the 1930s
A
- defeated china, russia, and go lands in germany after WWI
- all together it had korea, taiwan, manchuria, marshall, caroline, and mariana islands
- political democracy was growing
- everything was going great!
24
Q
Japan during the 1930s
A
- they were devastated politically and economically
- its population exploded
- it fed its population through making heavy industrial goods and textiles
- political democracy was stunted because nationalists wanted to spread the empire and the military basically controlled the government
25
Japan
- they first seized manchuria, but the league of nations condemned it
- then later on, they consolidated its hold on manchuria and expanded its control in north china. at this time japanese military controlled the government (no political democracy)
- japanese continues to move south
- chiang kai-shek tried to appease japan by promising them control over chinese area. originally chinese and japanese conflict was resolved through chinese giving japan authority
- but they kept on going and seized the chinese capital (nanjing)
- chinese were starting to get very mad
- chiang kai-shek moved his government upriver to hankou
26
Japan’s Goals in East Asia
- they wanted to move chiang to japanese dominated new order in east asia (japan, manchuria,and china)
- they wanted to seize soviet siberia
- they wanted to guide its asian neighbors on a path to development and prosperity
27
Change of Japan’s Goals
- now that germany and soviet union have an pact, japan can’t defeat soviet union ALONE and get land
- so they looked to the resources of the southeast (dutch east indies, malaya, burma, indochina)
- however this was risky because of european colonial powers (britain and france) and USA
28
Japan and USA
- japan knew it was risky to move south because of european colonial powers (britain and france) and USA
- japan took vietnam
- america responded by cutting off sales to japan
- then japanese leaders knew they would have to respond by attacking american naval fleet (pearl harbor)
29
Reasons why democracies failed to act
- great depression forced USA, great britain, and france to focus on domestic issues
- horrific loss of life in WWI created a deep desire for peace
- american isolationists believed that US involvement in WWI had been a mistake
- democracies repeatedly underestimated hitler’s thirst for power and conquest
