Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Higher Level > 8.2 > Flashcards

8.2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

why occurs in anaerobic respiration?

A

glycolysis only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what occurs in aerobic respiration?

A
  • glycolysis
  • link reaction
  • kerbs cycle
  • oxidative phosphorylation
  • this ends up producing around 34 more atp molecules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

define oxidation

A
  • the loss of electrons
  • the gain of oxygen
  • the loss of hydrogen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

define reduction

A
  • the gain of electrons
  • the loss of oxygen
  • the gain of hydrogen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the 6 structures found in the mitochondria?

A
  1. outer membrane
  2. inner membrane
  3. cristae
  4. intermembrane space
  5. matrix
  6. dna and 70s ribosomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the function of the inner membrane of the mitochondria?

A
  • contains the electron transport chain and atp synthase for oxidative phosphorylation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are cristae found in the mitochondria?

A
  • folds of the inner membrane
  • to increase the surface area for oxidative phosphorylation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the function of the intermembrane space in the mitochondria?

A
  • the narrow space between the inner and the outer membrane
  • which facilitates a rapid build up of H+ concentration gradient
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where does the link reaction and kerbs cycle occur in the mitochondria?

A
  • in the matrix
  • which is the cytoplasm in the mitochondria
  • which contains the enzymes required for the 2 processes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe the process of glycolysis

A
  • occurs in the cytoplasm
  • occurs in aerobic and anaerobic respiration
  • glucose phosphorylation to a 6c molecule using 2atp
  • 6c phosphorylated molecule is unstable
  • it undergoes lysis to form 2x 3c molecules
  • each 3c molecule is oxidised to pyruvate
  • NAD+ reduced to NADH by 2H
  • produces net 2 atp
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

define phosphorylation

A

when phosphates are added to a molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the first step of cellular respiration?

A

glycolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is NADH in glycolysis

A
  • glycolysis stores energy in the form of electrons inside NADH
  • it is a co-enzyme
  • and it has the ability to transfer electrons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the 3c molecules called in the process of glycolysis?

A

pyruvate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

is glycolysis anaerobic or aerobic?

A
  • its anaerobic
  • because it does not require any oxygen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the end product of the process of glycolysis?

A
  • produces a net increase of 2 atp
  • and stores 2 electrons in 2 NADH molecules
17
Q

what is the equation for cellular respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 —>6CO2 + 6H2O+ ATP

18
Q

how are the 2 pyruvate a transported into the mitochondria?

A
  • by active transport
  • into the matrix
19
Q

what are the 2 pyruvates converted into in the matrix and what is produced afterwards?

A
  • the pyruvates are oxidised
  • the 2 pyruvates converts into 2 acetyl CoA
  • releases CO2 and 2 NADH
20
Q

what is another name for the krebs cycle?

A

the citric acid cycle

21
Q

where is the link reaction occurred and what does it convert each pyruvate into?

A
  • in the matrix
  • converts each pyruvate into acetyl
22
Q

before link reaction occurs, pyruvate must be transported from the cytoplasm to the matrix, what is the process that allows this to occur and what is required?

A
  • active transport
  • requires atp
23
Q

describe the link reaction in 3 stages

A
  • each pyruvate undergoes oxidation transferring on hydrogen to NAD+
  • each is also decarboxylated producing 1 CO2
  • the resulting 2 carbon molecule is named acetyl
  • a total of 2 CO2, 2 NADH and 2 acetyl molecules are formed
24
Q

how is acetyl CoA made form acetyl?

A

each of the 2 acetyl molecules combines with its own co-enzyme A to form acetyl CoA

25
Q

what is the end product of the link reaction?

A

2 acetyl CoA molecules are present from a single molecule of glucose

26
Q

where does the krebs cycle occur?

A
  • occurs in the matrix
27
Q

what is the function of the krebs cycle?

A
  • converts each acetyl into a 6c molecule
  • used for oxidation
28
Q

what is the 1st step of the krebs cycle?

A
  • each acetyl CoA combines with a 4c molecule
  • to form a 6c molecule: which is the citric acid
  • the 4c molecule is called oxaloacetate
29
Q

what is the 2nd step of the krebs cycle after the 6c molecule is formed?

A
  • 6c molecule gets oxidised
  • transferring electrons and hydrogens to NAD+ forming NADH
  • this oxidation reaction causes the release of CO2
  • ending this step with a 5c molecule
30
Q

what is the 3rd step to the kreb cycle after the first CO2 is released?

A
  • the produced 5c molecule undergoes a similar oxidation process
  • producing another NADH and a CO2
  • ending this step with a 4c molecule
31
Q

what is the 4th step of the krebs cycle after the 4c molecule is produced?

A
  • the 4c molecule releases energy to turn the ADP to ATP
  • another phosphate binds to ADP to form ATP
  • this new 4c molecule gets oxidised even further
  • transferring electrons and hydrogens to a different electron carrier (FAD)
  • forming FADH2
32
Q

what are the functions of FADH2 and NADH?

A
  • they have the same function
  • carrying electrons to the electron transport chain
33
Q

what is the 5th step of the krebs cycle?

A
  • the 4c molecule undergoes oxidation again
  • forming even more NADH
  • this process makes the starting molecule called, oxalacetate 4c
  • hence the reason for the name krebs cycle
34
Q

outline the stages of the link reaction

A
  • occurs in the matrix
  • occurs for aerobic respiration only
  • prior to the link reaction, each pyruvate is transported from the cytoplasm requiring 2 ATP in total
  • pyruvates are decarboxylated to produce acetyl and CO2
  • NAD+ is reduced to form NADH
  • acetyl combines with the co-enzyme A to form acetyl CoA
  • Acetyl CoA transports acetyl to the krebs cycle
35
Q

what is the role of oxidative phosphorylation?

A
  • making atp
  • it oxidises NADH and FADH2
  • to phosphorylation ADP to ATP
36
Q

where does oxidative hodphorylation occur?

A
  • the inner mitochondrial membrane

Biology Higher Level (50 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions