1.2

Question 1

what are unicellular organisms referred as?

Answer 1

prokaryotes

Question 2

list the 4 external components of prokaryotic cells

Answer 2

1. cell wall
2. pili
3. flagellum
4. plasma membrane

Question 3

list the 3 main internal components of a prokaryotic cell

Answer 3

1. cytoplasm: most cellular processes takes place here
2. nucleoid: naked circular loop of dna
3. 70s ribosomes: synthesizes proteins

Question 4

what are multicellular organisms commonly referred to as?

Answer 4

eukaryotic cells

Question 5

list the 8 internal components of eukaryotic cells

Answer 5

1. cytoplasm
2. nucleus: stores cell’s dna
3. nucleolus: dna is stored as chromatin
4. nuclear membrane
5. endoplasmic reticulum
6. golgi apparatus
7. mitochondrion
8. 80s ribosomes

Question 6

describe the function of the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 6

• a series of flattened membranes surrounding the nucleus
• responsible for catching mrna leaving the nucleus
• using it for protein synthesis

Question 7

what are the 2 types of endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

1. smooth ER: lack ribosomes
2. rough ER: has ribosomes

Question 8

describe the function of the golgi apparatus

Answer 8

• a stack of flattened sacks associated with membrane bound sacs: called cisternae
• these use vesicles to process and transport proteins in and out of the cell

Question 9

how does prokaryotic cells reproduce?

Answer 9

by binary fission
- assexual reproduction

Question 10

explains the steps of binary fission

Answer 10

1. the prokaryote replicates its dna and separates the copies
2. it elongates itself and moves the dna copies to the opposite ends of the cells
3. the cross wall forms, causing the cell to split into 2 identical daughter cells

Question 11

what are the additional structures that plants cells contain compared to animal cells?

Answer 11

1. cell wall
2. vacuole
3. chloroplast
4. starch granules

Question 12

what are the 2 additional structures that animal cells contain?

Answer 12

1. lysosome
2. centrosome

Question 13

what are centrosomes and what are they composed of?

Answer 13

• composed of 2 centrioles, which are microtubule rings
• provides structure for the cell and are integral to mitosis and meiosis

Question 13

what are lysosomes?

Answer 13

vesicles containing digestive enzymes used to break down excess or worn out parts of the cells, substances coming into the cell, or self destruct the cell